The origin of nucleation and development of porous nanostructure of anodic alumina films

Patermarakis, G.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.07.024

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Moreover, for the oxide density ρ in Eqs. (2.24) and (2.25), although it was recently reported that ρ was different at the o/e and m/o interfaces [12,13], it is not clear whether and how the oxide density varies along each interface, and for simplicity's sake a constant oxide density 3.118 g cm −3 is used, which is in the range of experimental values [7,14]. Position-dependent oxide density along each interface can be adopted easily in the present model when the exact relation is clear in the future.…”

Section: Simulation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Numerical Simulation Based on the Established Kinetics Model

Cheng

2015

Electro-Chemo-Mechanics of Anodic Porous Alumina Nano-Honeycombs: Self-Ordered Growth and Actuation

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Section: Simulation Parametersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Numerical Simulation Based on the Established Kinetics Model

Cheng

2015

Electro-Chemo-Mechanics of Anodic Porous Alumina Nano-Honeycombs: Self-Ordered Growth and Actuation

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“…Here, we assume that ion migration across the oxide/electrolyte interface is the rate-determining step, because the oxygen and aluminum ions are weakly bound under the effect of the high electric field [94]. It should be noted that ionic migration in the bulk oxide has been proposed previously as an alternative rate-determining step [153], but recent experiments revealed that an increase in the acid concentration of the electrolyte, which should play a role directly at the oxide/electrolyte interface, can influence the anodization process significantly, such as increasing the pore diameter [98], the current density [154], and the oxide growth rate [99]. These profound changes of the anodization process should be due to changes in the anodization conditions at the oxide/electrolyte interface, and this is the basis of the present assumption that the rate-determining step is at this interface.…”

Section: Electric Potential Distribution Within Aaomentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Pore Growth Models for Nanoporous Alumina

Cheng

Ngan

2015

Nanoporous Alumina

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Nanoporous alumina has been extensively used in a wide range of applications, including template materials for various types of nanomaterials, high surface-area structures for energy conversation and storage, bio/chemo sensors, electronic/photonic devices, and so on. However, the formation mechanism of the nanopores and the subsequent pore growth process towards self-ordered pore arrangements have been under investigation for several decades without clear conclusions. The present models may be divided into two main groups in terms of the driving force for pore initialization, as well as the subsequent pore growth process. One group considers that the driving force is the high electric field across the oxide barrier layer at the bottom of the pore channels, which assists metal oxidation at the metal/oxide interface, and oxide dissolution at the oxide/electrolyte interface. The other group of models assumes that the driving force is mechanical stress originating from the volume expansion of the metal oxidation process. This chapter reviews the development of these models for nanoporous alumina formation, and discusses their advantages and shortcomings. A recent model proposed by us is also described, and potential directions for further development are discussed.

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“…In contrast to the flourishing picture of applications of anodic porous alumina in various fields, the formation mechanism of anodic porous alumina has been continuously investigated and under debate for more than six decades [1,96,, i.e., from Edwards and Keller [145,146] [147][148][149] in the 1970-1980s, Parkhutik and Shershulsky [130], Golovin et al [132][133][134], Jessensky et al [137,150], Li et al [99,138], in the 1990s, Patermarakis et al [135,136,[151][152][153][154], Garcia-Vergara et al [155][156][157][158][159][160] in the 2000-2010s, and most recently Hebert and Houser [139][140][141][142][143] in 2012. However, contradictory viewpoints still exist and no generally accepted theory has been established.…”

Section: Formation Mechanisms Of Anodic Porous Aluminamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the pioneering work in 1950s by Keller [102], Dewald [204,205], Vermilyea [206,207], and Cabrera and Mott [163], several groups have carried out further theoretical work, including the Wood and Thompson group in Manchester [2,95,96,118,128,155,156,208], the Gösele group in Max-Plank-Institute [99,137,138,150,178], the Patermarakis group in Greece [135,136,[151][152][153][154], the Parkhutik group in Minsk [130,209], the Golovin group in Northwestern [132][133][134], and the Hebert group in Iowa State [139][140][141][142][143]. Systematical elucidation of the theory in mathematical forms began from work done by the Parkhutik group [130] in 1992, and numerical simulation was started by the Golovin [133] and Hebert [139] groups in 2006.…”

Section: Objectives and Flow Of The Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Background and Motivation

Cheng

2015

Electro-Chemo-Mechanics of Anodic Porous Alumina Nano-Honeycombs: Self-Ordered Growth and Actuation

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Anodic porous alumina, which exhibits a characteristic nano-honeycomb structure, has received increasing attention both experimentally and theoretically . Due to the quasi-periodic arrangement of the nanopore channels, narrow distribution of pore sizes, and interpore distances, relative ease to control the porous scales and self-ordering qualities by anodization conditions, excellent thermal stability, and very low-cost anodic porous alumina has been extensively used as templates for fabrication of various nanostructured materials such as nanodots [22][23][24], nanowires [25][26][27][28][29], nanotubes [30][31][32], and many other types [33][34][35], especially to realize the collective functioning of arrays of nanoelements which may not be realized by individual nanoelements [5,36], for applications in high-density magnetic media [37][38][39][40][41][42] [95,96]. For neutral electrolytes with pH in the range of 5-7, such as boric acid solution, ammonium borate, or tartrate aqueous solution, only barrier-type anodic alumina films with a uniform thickness will be formed by anodization [1,97]. The configuration of anodic porous alumina is composed of closely packed arrays of nanopore channels perpendicular to the aluminum substrate with pore diameters on the order of several to hundreds of nanometers [58,[93][94][95]98]. When viewed from the top, the nanopores are usually arranged in a quasi-hexagonal porous pattern. The in-plane arrangement of pore channels generally exhibits local variations with ordered zones separated with disordered zone boundaries, which is much similar to the crystallographic grains and grain boundaries of the Al substrate. However, the perfect ordered zones are at most several micrometers big even for highly self-ordered patterns, while the grain

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The origin of nucleation and development of porous nanostructure of anodic alumina films

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Numerical Simulation Based on the Established Kinetics Model

Numerical Simulation Based on the Established Kinetics Model

Theoretical Pore Growth Models for Nanoporous Alumina

Research Background and Motivation

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