The origin of life on the earth / Translated from the Russian by Ann Synge.

Oparin, A.I.; Synge, Ann.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.4528

Cited by 73 publications

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“…Complex coacervate, which was suggested as "the origin of life" (6), finds application in many engineering and biological systems, such as microencapsulation in food, and in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to the low interfacial energy of the coacervate phase (3,5,(7)(8)(9). Complex coacervate also plays a critical role in the underwater adhesion of many sessile marine organisms such as tubeworms and mussels, which secrete and disperse adhesive proteins to form complex coacervates that facilitate their positioning and spreading over a desired substrate under seawater (10)(11)(12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Complexation and coacervation of like-charged polyelectrolytes inspired by mussels

Kim

Huang

Lee

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

197

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It is well known that polyelectrolyte complexes and coacervates can form on mixing oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions, due to mainly electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged polymers. Here, we report the first (to the best of our knowledge) complexation and coacervation of two positively charged polyelectrolytes, which provides a new paradigm for engineering strong, self-healing interactions between polyelectrolytes underwater and a new marine mussel-inspired underwater adhesion mechanism. Unlike the conventional complex coacervate, the like-charged coacervate is aggregated by strong short-range cation-π interactions by overcoming repulsive electrostatic interactions. The resultant phase of the like-charged coacervate comprises a thin and fragile polyelectrolyte framework and round and regular pores, implying a strong electrostatic correlation among the polyelectrolyte frameworks. The like-charged coacervate possesses a very low interfacial tension, which enables this highly positively charged coacervate to be applied to capture, carry, or encapsulate anionic biomolecules and particles with a broad range of applications.polyelectrolyte complexes | complex coacervates | cation-π interaction | like-charged coacervate | surface forces apparatus I t is well known that polyelectrolyte complexes can be formed when oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are mixed in aqueous solutions (1-4). This often leads to fluid-fluid phase separation, the so-called complex coacervation, namely, the appearance of a dense polyelectrolyte-rich liquid phase (coacervate phase) and a more dilute solution phase (aqueous phase, Fig. 1) (3, 4). The formation of polyelectrolyte complexes or coacervate can be impacted by many factors, including structural features of the component polymers (e.g., molecular weight, charge density, functional groups, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity balance, etc.), mixing ratio and concentration of the oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, and solution and environmental conditions (e.g., pH, ionic strength, temperature, etc.) (3-5).Complex coacervate, which was suggested as "the origin of life" (6), finds application in many engineering and biological systems, such as microencapsulation in food, and in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to the low interfacial energy of the coacervate phase (3,5,(7)(8)(9). Complex coacervate also plays a critical role in the underwater adhesion of many sessile marine organisms such as tubeworms and mussels, which secrete and disperse adhesive proteins to form complex coacervates that facilitate their positioning and spreading over a desired substrate under seawater (10-12).It is believed that polyelectrolyte complexation is driven by mainly electrostatic attraction in long distances between oppositely charged polymer chains in water and by additional molecular recognition driving forces such as chirality, hydrogen bonding, and hydration in short distances, implying that the polyelectrolyte complex is composed of at least one polycation ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexation and coacervation of like-charged polyelectrolytes inspired by mussels

Kim

Huang

Lee

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

197

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“…The case for probiotic evolution, by which the existing types of microorganism might have evolved from simpler systems, was developed by Oparin (1938Oparin ( , 1957, who realized the importance of thinking in terms of delimited droplets, and not in terms of reactions in homogeneous solution or of imaginary ' self-reproducing ' molecules. But Oparin's suggestions suffered from one or two minor deficiencies ; his droplets were coacervates, which generally seem to require proteins, nucleoproteins or polysaccharides for their formation : and he made no detailed proposals about the manner in which they might have acquired the important property of balanced growth.…”

Section: The Ezpanding System As a Possible Eobionlmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Kinetic Model of a Growing Bacterial Population

Perret

1960

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY:A chemical open system of fixed volume in a constant environment tends towards a steady s t a t e in which its mass remains unchanged. Such a system is not a satisfactory kinetic model of a growing bacterial population, which increases its mass and volume, or grows, logarithmically, in a constant environment. However, when the material limiting the volume of an open system is itself one of the dynamic components the system can then grow logarithmically of its own accord. If the surface-area-to-volume ratio of such an 'expanding system' remains unchanged logarithmic growth can continue indefinitely, and in a constant environment the system enters a time-dependent 'exponential state '. Autocatalysis is not involved in the Iogarithmic growth of an expanding system ; but when an autocatalytic stage is included the growth curve can exhibit a typical log-phase during which growth rate is virtually independent of concentrations of source material above a threshold level. The properties of expanding systems are deduced from those of open systems by non-mathematical arguments, and some of the implications of the expanding system concept in practical and theoretical microbiology are discussed. It is suggested that the spontaneous occurrence of expanding systems in a non-living environment might be the first step towards the evolution of living organisms. Throughout the paper all reactions are treated as reversible, since there seems to be no justification for the concept of an irreversible chemical change. The reactions are also assumed to be homogeneous, unimolecular, and of the first order, except where otherwise stated. Those assumptions are made in order to keep the examples in the text as simple as possible; but the * Present address :

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“…The fact that mineral compounds of the earth's crust could have been used as replicating matrixes [10] and primary photocatalysts in the course of chemical evolution has been reported [l l]. According to Oparin's hypothesis [12], the primary organisms could be heterotrophs of the clostridial type, and gradual evolution towards the use of solar energy could have required photoreceptors. The above experiments illustrate such a peculiar possibility, perhaps, a blind alley of evolution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The photobiocatalytic system: Inorganic semiconductors coupled to bacterial cells

Krasnovsky

Nikandrov

1987

FEBS Letters

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Considering the evolutionary pathways of solar energy conversion, we suggested that some mineral components of the earth's crust might have been capable of electron phototransfer coupled to the metabolic chains of primary heterotrophic cells. We observed a peculiar type of this process when light‐exposed particles of titanium dioxide or some other minerals initiated an electron transfer from organic electron donors to Clostridium butyricum bacterial cells, with hydrogen being evolved as a result of intra‐ and extracellular activity of hydrogenase. The coupling of mineral photocatalysts to bacterial cells may be regarded as a way to create a new type of photobiocatalytic system.

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The origin of life on the earth / Translated from the Russian by Ann Synge.

Cited by 73 publications

References 0 publications

Complexation and coacervation of like-charged polyelectrolytes inspired by mussels

Complexation and coacervation of like-charged polyelectrolytes inspired by mussels

A New Kinetic Model of a Growing Bacterial Population

The photobiocatalytic system: Inorganic semiconductors coupled to bacterial cells

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