The Origin of Cranial Surgery

Zabihyan, Samira; Etemadrezaie, Hamid; Baharvahdat, Humain

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2010.08.014

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…e . [20]. In the Avesta, the holy book of the Zoroastrians (religion of Persians before the introduction of Islam to Iran), dating back to 1000 b .…”

Section: Surgery and Surgeons In Ancient Persiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another example of surgical practice in ancient Persia to be uncovered in modern Iran included a trephinated skull from Hasanlu hill 800-1100 B.C.E. [ 20]. In the Avesta, the holy book of the Zoroastrians (religion of Persians before the introduction of Islam to Iran), dating back to 1000 B.C.E., three main groups of physicians are introduced: surgeons known as kareto bae ¯s ˇaza in the Avestan language; psychiatrists (ma ¯nsrspand bae ¯s ˇaza) and physicians who treated patients with herbal medicines (urvaro ¯bae ¯s ˇaza) [ 21].…”

Section: Surgery and Surgeons In Ancient Persiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgeons and Surgery from Ancient Persia (5,000 Years of Surgical History)

2013

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The development of surgery is indebted to scientists and surgeons from various civilizations throughout history. The present study considers surgery in the ancient Persian civilization. It highlights aspects of the subject, such as findings of the first trephinated skulls in Iran; surgeons' social class (kareto baēšaza in the Avestan language-dating back 3,000 years); surgical operations such as cesarean section and procedures to treat breast cancer; and the use of anesthetic compounds and surgical practice in the military. It is hoped that this catalogue of historical evidence of surgical practice in ancient Persian civilization will contribute to the history of surgery, as an important field in medical science.

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“…e . [20]. In the Avesta, the holy book of the Zoroastrians (religion of Persians before the introduction of Islam to Iran), dating back to 1000 b .…”

Section: Surgery and Surgeons In Ancient Persiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surgery and Surgeons In Ancient Persiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgeons and Surgery from Ancient Persia (5,000 Years of Surgical History)

2013

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“…Peru has been also notorious for and home to the largest samples of prehistoric trepanned skulls practiced over a long period of time and across a broad geographical area. According to researchers, the earliest Peruvian trepanations may have been performed 400 BC on the southern coast of Peru circa (11). Archeologists have proven that cranial operations performed using different techniques have a history of at least 7000 years.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Legacy of Cranial Surgery

2012

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Cranial injury, as it is known today, is not a new concern of modern medicine. On stepping on the earth, the man was in reality encountered with various types of injuries, particularly those of a cranial nature. Leading a life, whether wild or civilized, has always been associated with injuries for human race from the very beginning of birth. Therefore, managing cases of this type has gradually forced him to establish and fix strategies and approaches to handle the dilemma. This study is thus focused on tracing the first documented traumatized cranial cases ever reported, ranging from those trials attributed to our ancient predecessors to the identical examples in the present time.

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“…Also, it is evident that since prehistoric times the brain has been considered the organ responsible for human behavior. Therefore, cranial bone trepanation is without a doubt the oldest documented medical procedure 3,4 . It seems that in prehistory, the habit of opening the skull (trepanation) was widespread, from Europe, North, and South America, all the way to the Middle and Far East 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of the History of Global and Croatian Neurosurgery

Splavski

2023

J. appl. health sci. (Online)

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Neurosurgery is the oldest, but also the youngest medical discipline. Namely, archaeological findings confirm the existence of cranial bone trepanations in the Late Stone Age, while neurosurgery as a separate discipline was founded only at the beginning of the 20th century. Descriptions of head/spinal injuries, and trepanations, date back to ancient Egypt (Edwin Smith papyrus) and physicians like Hippocrates, the Alexandrian school, and Galen, who described his classification of cranial fractures, perfected trepanation and contributed to neuroanatomy and physiology. Unfortunately, with his disappearance, the study of the central nervous system ceased during the next millennium. Medieval contribution to neurosurgery is due to the work of Arab and Persian physicians (Albucasis, Avicenna), who collected, preserved, and improved the medical knowledge of ancient times, including neuroscience. With the arrival of the Renaissance in the early 16th century, significant advances in anatomy, medicine, surgery, and neuroscience began. Berengario da Carpi, Andreas Vesalius, and Ambroise Paré stood out as progenitors of this era. During the 19th century, at a time of progress in medicine and surgery, preconditions were created for more extensive and long-lasting neurosurgical procedures, while the era of modern neurosurgery began in the early 20th century with the pioneering activities of MacEwan, Horsley, Cushing, Elsberg, Dandy and many others. Further progress in neurosurgery was made through the use of an operating microscope, which from 1965 marked the era of modern microneurosurgery, founded by Yaşargil. The beginnings of neurosurgical activity in Croatia date back to the end of the 19th century when Theodor Wickerhauser published a record of the first craniotomy done in our country in 1886. In conclusion, modern neurosurgery as one of the most advanced medical professions is based on the achievements of its historical leaders, and on the cutting-edge diagnostic and surgical armamentaria, together with the superior neurosurgical service organization.

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The Origin of Cranial Surgery

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Surgeons and Surgery from Ancient Persia (5,000 Years of Surgical History)

Surgeons and Surgery from Ancient Persia (5,000 Years of Surgical History)

Ancient Legacy of Cranial Surgery

A Brief Review of the History of Global and Croatian Neurosurgery

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