The origin of anomalous large reversible capacity for SnO<sub>2</sub> conversion reaction

Kisu, Kazuaki; Iijima, Minami; Iwama, Etsuro; Saito, Morihiro; Orikasa, Yuki; Naoi, Wako; Naoi, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1039/c4ta01994f

Cited by 54 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The XPS measurement is in very good agreement with the three reactions shown in Fig. S5, from which we can observe the binding energy of Sn3d shift a little bit, implies that the Sn element in this composite did not recover to its initial state (+4.0) completely during the whole electrochemical conversion reaction [34]. It's obvious that the CV curves of the second and the third cycles display the same pairs of peaks with almost similar intensities, implying the excellent cyclability of the SnO 2 @PANI/ rGO electrode material.…”

Section: Electrochemical Testingsupporting

confidence: 79%

Ternary SnO2@PANI/rGO nanohybrids as excellent anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Ding

Jiang

Zhu

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Electrochemical Testingsupporting

confidence: 79%

Ternary SnO2@PANI/rGO nanohybrids as excellent anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Ding

Jiang

Zhu

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…[30][31][32][33][34] This may be partially explained by the catalytic influence of the co-existing LVP nanocrystals on the CNF oxidative decomposition. On the other hand, the smaller temperature shift of LVP/CNF (89 Electrochemical performances.-The charge-discharge tests were performed to investigate the electrochemical characteristic of our Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /CNF composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the in-situ synthesis steps were achieved via our original method, referred to as ultracentrifuging (UC) treatment, and a subsequent instantaneous heat-treatment (post-UC). [29][30][31][32][33][34] The UC treatment is a buildup synthetic scheme involving: i) unbundling of the carbon matrix, ii) in-situ sol-gel reaction of the V 2 O 3 precursors on the exposed carbon surface, iii) restructuring of the carbon matrix. We applied this UC treatment to the synthesized V 2 O 3 /CNF in order to transform the V 2 O 3 nanocrystals into the LVP precursors on the surface of the CNF.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Cathode Characteristics of Nanocrystalline-Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/Carbon Nanofiber Composites

Naoi

Kisu

Iwama

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Anisotropically grown Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanocrystals, which are highly dispersed and directly impregnated on the surface of a carbon nanofiber (CNF), were successfully synthesized via a two-step synthesis process: i) precipitation of nanoplated V 2 O 3 precursors (20-200 nm); ii) transformation of the V 2 O 3 precursor into Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanoplates without size change. The direct attachment of the Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanocrystals to the carbon surface improves the electronic conductivity and Li + diffusivity of the entire Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /CNF composite, simultaneously producing a mesoporous network (pore size of approximately 10 nm) that acts as an electrolyte reservoir owing to the pillar effect of the impregnated Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 crystals. This ideal Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /CNF nanostructure enabled a 480C rate (7.5 seconds) discharge with 83 mA h g −1 , and 69% of capacity retention at the slowest discharge rate (1C). Such an ultrafast charge-discharge performance opens the possibility of using Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 as a cathode material for ultrafast lithium ion batteries with a stable cycle performance over 10,000 cycles at a 10C rate, maintaining 85% of the initial capacity. In the current society, the storage of electrical energy at high charge and discharge rate is an important technological issue as it enables hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and provides a back-up to wind and solar energies.1,2 Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered the most advanced energy storage systems; they possess high energy but limited power compared to high-power devices such as supercapacitors.1 To further improve the performance of the LIBs, several electrode materials have been proposed and investigated so far.2-11 Commercial cells utilize the layer-structured LiCoO 2 as the positive electrode, 3 but the high cost and toxicity of cobalt prohibit its use on a large scale. Spinel-type LiMn 2 O 4 is one of the alternative materials to cobalt for high-rate use. 4 Several reports on such materials for high-rate use have been published; however, the reported discharge performance are limited within 50-150C. Owing to their easy release of oxygen, LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 also have safety issues at overcharged states or high temperatures.3,4 Thus, to achieve a long-term and safe use of the LIBs, cathode materials other than those including layer-structured or spinel-type materials have received significant attention. Researchers have identified polyanion-type cathode materials-such as phosphate cathode materials like LiFePO 4 (LFP) 5 and Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LVP)-as attractive active materials because of their high thermal stability, high cyclability, and superior safety properties provided by the stable (PO 4 ) 3− unit. 6 The presence of a phosphate with a strong P-O covalency stabilizes the antibonding M-O (M = V or Fe) energy level through an M-O-P inductive effect and generates a conveniently high redox potential for M 3+ /M 2+ . 7 In particular, monoclinic LVP has attracted much attention because o...

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“…Recently, SnO 2 anodes with higher experimental capacity than theoretical capacity were reported in SnO 2 /carbon nanocomposites, which was attributed to the synergetic effects benefit from unique hybrid nanostructure [18][19][20][21][22][23]. However, the detailed mechanism still remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…5e. The increasing capacity could be explained by gradually reversible conversion of Sn to SnO 2 , extra interfacial charge storage between SnO 2 and carbon, as well as the reversible formation of a polymeric layer at the electrode-electrolyte interface [21][22][23].…”

Section: Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen-doped carbon host with enhanced bonding and electron attraction abilities for efficient and stable SnO2/carbon composite battery anode

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2018

Sci. China Mater.

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The coupling between electrochemically active material and conductive matrix is vitally important for high efficiency lithium ion batteries (LIBs). By introducing oxygen groups into the nanoporous carbon framework, we accomplish sustainably enhanced electrochemical performance for a SnO 2 /carbon LIB. 2-5 nm SnO 2 nanoparticles are hydrothermally grown in different nanoporous carbon frameworks, which are pristine, nitrogen-or oxygen-doped carbons. Compared with pristine and nitrogen-doped carbon hosts, the SnO 2 /oxygen-doped activated carbon (OAC) composite exhibits a higher discharge capacity of 1,122 mA h g −1 at 500 mA g −1 after 320 cycles operation and a larger lithium storage capacity up to 680 mA h g −1 at a high rate of 2,000 mA g −1 . The exceptional electrochemical performance originated from the oxygen groups, which could act as Lewis acid sites to attract electrons effectively from Sn during the charge process, thus accelerating reversible conversion of Sn to SnO 2 . Meanwhile, SnO 2 nanoparticles are effectively bonded with carbon through such oxygen groups, thus preventing the electrochemical sintering and maintaining the cycling stability of the SnO 2 /OAC composite anode. The high electrochemical performance, low biomass cost, and facile preparation renders the SnO 2 /OAC composites a promising candidate for anode materials.

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The origin of anomalous large reversible capacity for SnO₂ conversion reaction

Abstract: Single-nanocrystalline SnO2 particles encapsulated within hollow-structured carbon structures were synthesized. Encapsulated SnO2 is readily transformed into a blended amorphous structure composed of LixSnO1.45 (x = 0–7.3) after repeated lithiation–delithiation processes.

Cited by 54 publications

References 63 publications

Ternary SnO2@PANI/rGO nanohybrids as excellent anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Ternary SnO2@PANI/rGO nanohybrids as excellent anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Ultrafast Cathode Characteristics of Nanocrystalline-Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/Carbon Nanofiber Composites

Oxygen-doped carbon host with enhanced bonding and electron attraction abilities for efficient and stable SnO2/carbon composite battery anode

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The origin of anomalous large reversible capacity for SnO2 conversion reaction

Abstract: Single-nanocrystalline SnO2 particles encapsulated within hollow-structured carbon structures were synthesized. Encapsulated SnO2 is readily transformed into a blended amorphous structure composed of LixSnO1.45 (x = 0–7.3) after repeated lithiation–delithiation processes.

Cited by 54 publications

References 63 publications

Ternary SnO2@PANI/rGO nanohybrids as excellent anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Ternary SnO2@PANI/rGO nanohybrids as excellent anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Ultrafast Cathode Characteristics of Nanocrystalline-Li3V2(PO4)3/Carbon Nanofiber Composites

Oxygen-doped carbon host with enhanced bonding and electron attraction abilities for efficient and stable SnO2/carbon composite battery anode

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The origin of anomalous large reversible capacity for SnO₂ conversion reaction

Ultrafast Cathode Characteristics of Nanocrystalline-Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/Carbon Nanofiber Composites