The Origin of African Sheep: Archaeological and Genetic Perspectives

Muigai, Anne W. T.; Hanotte, Olivier

doi:10.1007/s10437-013-9129-0

Cited by 86 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This indicates that caprines were present from about 6.2 Ka cal BC in the area, from at least 6.2 Ka cal BC, possibly earlier than in the Western Desert. The animals were domesticated in an area encompassing the Northern Levant and the Zagros Mountains (Muigai and Hanotte 2013) and spread from there. Because of the very limited bone evidence for early caprines in northeastern Africa, a reconstruction of their routes of dispersal must remain very tentative, with various possible dispersal routes, from the Western Desert or over the Red Sea Coast, or even via the Nile Valley to the Sodmein area (Riemer and Kindermann 2007).…”

Section: Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave

et al. 2015

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Section: Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave

et al. 2015

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“…The sheep breeding sector is largely dominated (94%) by indigenous meat breeds: the "Barbarine" (BAR) and the "Queue Fine de l'Ouest" (QFO). According to the morphology of the tail and their geographic origins, these two sheep have been classified as belonging to two different African sheep groups: BAR to the fattailed group and QFO to the thin-tailed group (Muigai and Hanotte, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of microsatellites markers in the clarification of the origin, genetic risk factors, and implications for conservation of Tunisian native sheep breeds

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. The genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the two main groups of African sheep, thin-tailed and fat-tailed sheep, represented by the indigenous Tunisian sheep breeds "Barbarine" (BAR, fat-tailed) and "Queue Fine de l'Ouest" (QFO, thin-tailed) were investigated. The genotypes of 110 animals belonging to these two breeds and their crossbreed (CRO) were assessed using 17 microsatellite markers. The results showed high levels of genetic diversity and a total of 256 alleles were identified in the whole population. The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.719 and 0.789, respectively, and the mean allelic richness estimate was 10.89. values over all loci indicated a notable level of inbreeding within the whole population. However, the F ST value (0.007) showed a low level of genetic differentiation between these two native breeds. The high level of both gene flow and molecular coancestry coefficient detected between the two breeds and their CRO revealed an old miscegenation between the BAR and QFO breeds. The clustering analysis performed with the STRUCTURE software confirmed gene flow between these two breeds. Results arising from this study provide evidence regarding the genetic structure and variability of the two main local sheep breeds, and the implications of their actual management, which indicates the need for an urgent conservation strategy in order to prevent significant gene flow and preserve the remaining breed specificity for future generations.

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“…The SoW report also underlines the importance of research for development of sustainable breeding programmes. So far, most research has been directed towards characterization of indigenous breeds, especially by use of neutral molecular genetic markers, with emphasis on domestication process, trends, and genetic diversity and relationships between populations (Bruford, Bradley and Luikart, 2003;Kugonza et al, 2011;Muigai and Hanotte, 2013), but rather little on different breeding strategies for improvement of indigenous breeds (Cardellino and Boyazoglu, 2009).…”

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Infrastructure for sustainable use of animal genetic resources in Southern and Eastern Africa

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Ojango

et al. 2013

Anim. Genet. Resour.

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SummaryThe Global Plan of Action (GPA) for Animal Genetic Resources (AnGR) adopted by FAO recognizes the role of AnGR for food security through improved productivity while maintaining genetic diversity. A critical issue for conservation and genetic improvement programmes is the availability of supportive infrastructure. The objective of the present study was to assess existing and needed infrastructure for sustainable use of AnGR in a sample of countries in Southern and Eastern Africa. Information was primarily obtained from semistructured interviews with key personnel in animal breeding during country visits. Countries studied are at different stages of development. No complete breeding programmes are in place but some conservation programmes exist in most countries. Except for a few cases, livestock recording as basis for R&D and breeding practice is lacking. The institutional setup to support animal breeding programmes is fragmented and needs to be better integrated. Shortage of skilled personnel is noted as the most serious constraint for development. Countries with least university training in animal breeding have least developed AnGR activities. However, since the GPA was agreed upon, many countries have re-casted their policies and make efforts to develop breeding policies. A change in mindsets aiming at closer collaboration among institutions, farmer involvement and capacity development and strengthening at all levels is suggested.Keywords: breeding programme, livestock recording, policy, human resource, institution Résumé Le Plan d'Action Mondial pour les Ressources Zoogénétiques adopté par la FAO reconnaît le rôle que les Ressources Zoogénétiques jouent dans la garantie de la sécurité alimentaire en améliorant la productivité tout en conservant la diversité génétique. La disponibilité d'une infrastructure de soutien s'avère une question cruciale pour les programmes de conservation et d'amélioration génétique. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'infrastructure existante et celle requise pour l'utilisation durable des Ressources Zoogénétiques dans un échantillon de pays de l'Afrique Méridionale et Orientale. L'information a été essentiellement obtenue au moyen d'interviews semistructurés réalisés, pendant les visites aux pays, à du personnel clé en matière d'élevage. Les pays étudiés se trouvent à différents niveaux de développement. Il n'y a pas de programmes complets d'amélioration génétique en place mais des programmes de conservation existent dans la plupart des pays. À quelques exceptions près, les pays manquent de systèmes d'enregistrement du bétail servant de base à l'exercice de la R&D (recherche et développement) et de l'amélioration génétique. La structure institutionnelle de soutien aux programmes d'amélioration génétique animale est fragmentée, une meilleure intégration de celle-ci étant donc nécessaire. Le manque de personnel qualifié a été identifié comme étant la contrainte la plus grave pour le développement. Les pays avec le moins de formation universitaire en sélection animale son...

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The Origin of African Sheep: Archaeological and Genetic Perspectives

Cited by 86 publications

References 37 publications

Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave

Early and Middle Holocene Human Occupation of the Egyptian Eastern Desert: Sodmein Cave

Contribution of microsatellites markers in the clarification of the origin, genetic risk factors, and implications for conservation of Tunisian native sheep breeds

Infrastructure for sustainable use of animal genetic resources in Southern and Eastern Africa

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