The origin, composition and rates of organic nitrogen deposition: A missing piece of the nitrogen cycle?

Neff, Jason C.; Holland, Elisabeth A.; Dentener, Frank; McDowell, W. H.; Russell, Kristina M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3405-9_3

Cited by 190 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The minor impact from NO 2 deposition (21) was neglected. The data demonstrate that organic nitrogen is an important fraction of the oxidized nitrogen dry deposition flux, similar to wet deposition (85). The organic nitrogen may be taken up by foliage (86,87) and incorporated into the synthesis of leaf nutrients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Rapid deposition of oxidized biogenic compounds to a temperate forest

Nguyen

Crounse

Teng

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

242

433

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We report fluxes and dry deposition velocities for 16 atmospheric compounds above a southeastern United States forest, including: hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide, peroxyacetic acid, organic hydroxy nitrates, and other multifunctional species derived from the oxidation of isoprene and monoterpenes. The data suggest that dry deposition is the dominant daytime sink for small, saturated oxygenates. Greater than 6 wt %C emitted as isoprene by the forest was returned by dry deposition of its oxidized products. Peroxides account for a large fraction of the oxidant flux, possibly eclipsing ozone in more pristine regions. The measured organic nitrates comprise a sizable portion (15%) of the oxidized nitrogen input into the canopy, with HNO 3 making up the balance. We observe that water-soluble compounds (e.g., strong acids and hydroperoxides) deposit with low surface resistance whereas compounds with moderate solubility (e.g., organic nitrates and hydroxycarbonyls) or poor solubility (e.g., HCN) exhibited reduced uptake at the surface of plants. To first order, the relative deposition velocities of water-soluble compounds are constrained by their molecular diffusivity. From resistance modeling, we infer a substantial emission flux of formic acid at the canopy level (∼1 nmol m −2 ·s −1 ). GEOS−Chem, a widely used atmospheric chemical transport model, currently underestimates dry deposition for most molecules studied in this work. Reconciling GEOS−Chem deposition velocities with observations resulted in up to a 45% decrease in the simulated surface concentration of trace gases.biosphere−atmosphere exchange | isoprene | dry deposition | OVOCs | fluxes

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Rapid deposition of oxidized biogenic compounds to a temperate forest

Nguyen

Crounse

Teng

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

242

433

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“…This holds true also of the studies mentioned above. Not even did Krupa's comprehensive review, published in 2002, cover the analysis of organic nitrogen in precipitation (describing only determination of total amines) in spite of the fact that nitrogen incorporated into organic compounds can contribute to a relatively large portion of the total nitrogen deposition budget (Neff et al 2002;Cornell et al 2003). One of the causes of a difference between well mapped inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes and only fragmentary information on organic nitrogen deposition could be the fact that organic nitrogen in water samples cannot be measured directly.…”

Section: Institute Of Forest Ecology Faculty Of Forestry and Wood Tementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decade the number of research papers addressing the evaluation of organic nitrogen in precipitation has increased and the mosaic of our knowledge is being continuously supplemented (Neff et al 2002;Cornell et al 2003;Cape et al 2004;Zhang et al 2008;Bencs et al 2009;Benitez et al 2009Benitez et al , 2010Pelster et al 2009;Sleutel et al 2009;Violaki et al 2010).…”

Section: Institute Of Forest Ecology Faculty Of Forestry and Wood Tementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

Drápelová¹

2012

J. For. Sci.

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Organic nitrogen is an important but yet not very well explored component of nitrogen deposition. In this study concentrations and fluxes of organic and inorganic nitrogen in bulk precipitation in an open field (BOF) and in throughfall (THR) were evaluated at the Bílý Kříž experimental site (Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic, 908 m a.s.l.) with a young Norway spruce stand. The results of a two-year study (2008 and 2009) were compared with the results obtained during the same time period on forest plots included in ICP Forests Programme in the Czech Republic. Total nitrogen deposition in BOF at the Bílý Kříž site amounted to about 918 mg·m–2·a–1, the contribution of organic nitrogen was about 8%. Total nitrogen flux with THR at Bílý Kříž was about 1,305 mg·m–2·a–1 during the studied years and organic N accounted for 12% of this amount. The ranges of the two-year average values found for total nitrogen flux on ICP Forests plots throughout the Czech Republic were as follows: 759–1,857 mg N·m–2·a–1 with 7–38% contribution of organic N in BOF and 928–3,816 mg N·m–2·a–1 with 7–20% contribution of organic N in THR. The share of organic nitrogen in THR nitrogen fluxes at Bílý Kříž proved clear seasonality with maxima in July. A highly significant correlation between N-NH4+   and N-NO3–   concentrations in BOF suggested the common anthropogenic source of these substances at the Bílý Kříž site. No significant correlation was found either between organic N and N-NH4+ or between organic N and N-NO3– concentrations in BOF. Cumulative deposition charts showed different behaviour of particular nitrogen deposition components while passing through the canopy.

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“…Anthropogenic activities over recent decades, such as the burning of fossil fuels and fertilizer application, resulted in a rapid increase in the emission of reactive N (Neff et al, 2002). It was estimated that the production of reactive N increased from 15 Tg N in 1860 to 156 Tg N in 1995, with a further increase up to 187 Tg N in 2005 (Galloway et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%