The Origin and Nature of Normal Synovial Fluid 12

Ropes, Marian W.; Bennett, Granville A.; Bauer, Walter

doi:10.1172/jci101050

Cited by 70 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The original characterization of joint fluid urea and other small molecules led to the conclusion that joint fluid is a simple filtrate, or "dialysate," of blood plasma (18). In the present study, we confirmed the existence of a fixed relationship between joint fluid and serum concentrations of urea in normal joints.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The average osmotic pressure of serum is greater than that of normal synovial fluid, with a difference of 250 mm of water (18). The osmotic pressure effect exerted by a gram of proteoglycan (formerly referred to as mucin) was estimated by Ropes et al to be 9 times greater than the effect of albumin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study, the ratio of the concentration of urea in joint fluid to that in serum was reported to be 0.95 Ϯ 0.12 (mean Ϯ SD), based on an analysis of 15 bovine joint fluids and sera (18). The original characterization of joint fluid urea and other small molecules led to the conclusion that joint fluid is a simple filtrate, or "dialysate," of blood plasma (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urea as a passive transport marker for arthritis biomarker studies

Kraus

Huebner

Fink

et al. 2002

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Objective. To develop a method to correct for the unknown dilution of synovial fluid that occurs during lavage of a joint, we evaluated the utility of urea, a molecule that is neither synthesized nor metabolized by joint tissues, as a means of correcting for the dilutional effects of lavage procedures and effusions.Methods. Joint fluids were obtained from normal canine joints by direct aspiration (n ‫؍‬ 41) and lavage (n ‫؍‬ 10). Acute joint injury was induced in 4 joints by intraarticular injection of chymopapain. Serum and joint fluid levels of urea and joint fluid concentrations of glucose, lactate, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and keratan sulfate (KS) were measured in these 55 joints.Results. Urea concentrations in joint fluid were directly proportional to those in serum throughout a wide range of concentrations in normal joints. From this relationship, the dilution factor introduced by joint lavage was determined. This method was applied to quantify biomarker concentrations in synovial lavage fluid and was found to successfully correct for lavage-induced dilution of glucose, lactate, COMP, and KS to levels equivalent to those in samples aspirated directly. In the context of chymopapain-induced joint effusion, urea concentrations continued to be proportional to serum concentrations, but were much lower, enabling an estimation of the change in the volume of distribution (V d ) of a marker due to a change in joint water content in the setting of inflammation characterized by effusion. Lactate and KS levels rose markedly in response to chymopapain. After adjustment for the V d , the glucose concentration in the chymopapaininjected joints did not change.Conclusion. Urea provides a robust method of quantifying and correcting for the dilution of synovial fluid due to joint lavage or inflammation. This method is potentially applicable to surrogate marker studies in human arthritis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urea as a passive transport marker for arthritis biomarker studies

Kraus

Huebner

Fink

et al. 2002

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…Both glycolytic and oxidative metabolic pathways of synovium are elevated in acute arthritis (24). Several enzymes, including amylase (25), lipase (25), a protease (26), peroxidase (26), alkaline phosphatase (27), and aminotripeptidase (28), have been identified in human synovial fluid, and variations of f8-glucuronidase activity in synovial fluid from patients with degenerative joint disease or a traumatic joint effusion have been described (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isozymes of Lactic Dehydrogenase; Their Alterations in Arthritic Synovial Fluid and Sera*

Vesell¹,

Osterland²,

Bearn³

et al. 1962

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Blood was withdrawn from the heart at the same time. The analytical methods were those used in the study of normal cattle fluid (1). Albumin and globulin contents were determined by the method of Butler and Montgomery (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Nature of Normal Human Synovial Fluid 12

Ropes¹,

Rossmeisl²,

Bauer³

1940

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

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In a previous communication (1) the physical and chemical properties of normal bovine synovial fluid were described and their significance discussed. From these data it was concluded that normal bovine synovial fluid is a dialysate of plasma containing albumin, globulin and mucin. A similar characterization of normal human synovial fluid has been made in order to determine whether its origin and nature are the same. The information obtained from normal human fluid will afford a basis for a comprehensive evaluation of pathological synovial fluids. METHODS

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The Origin and Nature of Normal Synovial Fluid 12

Cited by 70 publications

References 72 publications

Urea as a passive transport marker for arthritis biomarker studies

Urea as a passive transport marker for arthritis biomarker studies

Isozymes of Lactic Dehydrogenase; Their Alterations in Arthritic Synovial Fluid and Sera*

The Origin and Nature of Normal Human Synovial Fluid 12

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