The Origin and Functions of Exosomes in Cancer

Rajagopal, Chitra; Harikumar, Kuzhuvelil B.

doi:10.3389/fonc.2018.00066

Cited by 215 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Numerous studies suggest clinical usefulness of exosomes as minimally invasive biomarkers for the detection, diagnosis and prognosis of different cancers [9,10] . In HCC, there is poor consensus regarding the use of exosome-derived miRs as diagnostics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a few studies have explored the role of exosomes in EMT and cancer stem cells, further studies are warranted in these areas. Another relevant aspect is angiogenesis, a major process which regulates nutrient availability of fast growing solid tumours [10] . The role of exosomes in facilitating angiogenesis and its consequence on HCC metastasis remain unexplored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the discovery that exosome-based liquid biopsy may have diagnostic and therapeutic applications has garnered considerable interest [9] . Exosomes are small membranous cell-derived extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin with 50-100 nm in diameter [10] . These nano-vesicles are secreted by most type of cells and can be detected and isolated from various body fluids such as serum, urine, plasma, saliva, milk and malignant ascites [9] .…”

Section: Exosome-based Liquid Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourth, many detection and isolation techniques have been developed for exosomes in research and therapy. Many commercial kits are available for high efficiency exosomes isolation from small amounts of body fluids [10] . Fifth, the lipo-proteinous architecture of exosomes also protects the exosomal constituents from degradation.…”

Section: Benefits Of Exosome-based Liquid Biopsiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exosome-based liquid biopsy in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Jayachandran¹,

Manda²,

Shrestha³

et al. 2018

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly presents at an advanced stage due to the lack of efficient early screening tools. Early, non-invasive biomarkers useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC would be of significant benefit for HCC management. Development of exosome-based liquid biopsy as a non-invasive method for the management of HCC has gained much traction. Exosomes are small membranous vesicles secreted by most cell types including HCC cells. Exosomes serve as couriers for the intercellular transfer of important biomolecules, including, protein, nucleic acids and lipids to nearby and distant cells in the body. The molecular cargos carried by exosome have been described to play significant roles in cancer progression. Herein, we will dissect how HCC-derived exosomes confer aggressive traits such as tumour growth, invasion, immune remodelling and drug resistance to HCC cells. We review the current literature concerning exosomes as biomarkers in a diagnostic setting, evaluating their prognostic, predictive and monitoring capabilities. This review will highlight and discuss emerging research in the utility of exosome-based liquid biopsies therapeutic tools in HCC management. Here we will also focus on advances in exosome biology in preclinical studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exosome-based Liquid Biopsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benefits Of Exosome-based Liquid Biopsiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exosome-based liquid biopsy in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Jayachandran¹,

Manda²,

Shrestha³

et al. 2018

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“…However, to explore the properties of exosomes in different cancer types, more studies are required to determine the complication and heterogeneity of these particles. On the other hand, today exosomes and especially their contents have developed as a potentially suitable tool in the field of diagnosis and treatment of various types of cancers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes and their importance in metastasis, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer

Cheshomi

Matin

2018

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Extracellular vesicles are known as actual intermediaries of intercellular communications, such as biological signals and cargo transfer between different cells. A variety of cells release the exosomes as nanovesicular bodies. Exosomes contain different compounds such as several types of nucleic acids and proteins. In this study, we focused on exosomes in colorectal cancer as good tools that can be involved in various cancer‐related processes. Furthermore, we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of exosome extraction methods and review related studies on the role of exosomes in colorectal cancer. Finally, we focus on reports available on relations between mesenchymal stem cell–derived exosomes and colorectal cancer. Several cancer‐related processes such as cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer are related to the cargoes of exosomes. A variety of molecules, especially proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, play important roles in these processes. The microenvironment features, such as hypoxia, also have very important effects on the properties of the origin cell–derived exosomes. On the other hand, exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cells also interfere with cancer chemoresistance. Furthermore, today it is known that exosomes and their contents can likely be very effective in noninvasive colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy. Thus, exosomes, and especially their cargoes, play different key roles in various aspects of basic and clinical research related to both progression and therapy of colorectal cancer.

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