The Origin and Evolution of the Diatoms: Their Adaptation to a Planktonic Existence

Kooistra, Wiebe H. C. F.; Gersonde, Rainer; Medlin, Linda K.; Mann, David G.

doi:10.1016/b978-012370518-1/50012-6

Cited by 182 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…A comparison of morphology of sister lineages differing in habitat occupancy revealed that benthos-plankton transitions tend to be accompanied by one or more of the following trait shifts: (i) increased morphological complexity of the cell, (ii) increase in cell size and (iii) transition to colonial growth form. These trait shifts might be related to adaptations for planktonic lifestyle (Kooistra et al, 2007(Kooistra et al, , 2009. Increased morphological complexity of the cell, achieved through the acquisition of various projections, spines and keels, might represent a mechanismimproved buoyancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite the recognized importance of growth form and habitat occupancy, their evolutionary histories and interaction have seldom been investigated. Kooistra et al (2007Kooistra et al ( , 2009 identified lineages that transitioned to the plankton and discussed adaptations that may have accompanied such shifts. They also highlighted isogamous sexual reproduction as an obstacle for planktonic lifestyle in pennate diatoms (clade with bilaterally symmetrical cells) that has been successfully circumvented in few lineages (Kooistra et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of the interaction between habitat and growth form in diatoms

Nakov¹,

Ashworth

Theriot

2014

The ISME Journal

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We characterized the evolutionary history of growth form (solitary-colonial) and its interaction with species' habitat (planktonic-benthic) across a multi-gene phylogeny encompassing a broad sample of the order-level diversity of diatoms. We treated these characters broadly, modeling the evolution of aggregation of cells into a colony irrespective of the way aggregation is achieved, and relating the growth form to a broad concept of niche location: in the plankton or benthos. The results showed that habitat shifts are rare implying conservatism in niche location at the level of large clades. On the other hand, the evolutionary history of growth form is more dynamic with evolutionary rates that vary across the tree. Analyses of a possible interaction revealed that shifts in growth form are independent of habitat and that traversing between habitats does not hinge upon species' growth form. Our findings help to fill a gap in the understanding of diatom niche and growth form macroevolution and contribute toward a platform for the comparative study of the mechanisms underlying diatom species and functional diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the interaction between habitat and growth form in diatoms

Nakov¹,

Ashworth

Theriot

2014

The ISME Journal

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“…So far, isolations of several viruses infecting centric diatoms have been reported (Tomaru et al, 2011a). However, viruses have not been isolated from pennate species, constituting major components of marine environments (Kooistra et al, 2007). Here, we report preliminary characterizations of viruses infecting the pennate diatoms Asterionellopsis glacialis (Castracane) Round and Thalassionema nitzschioides (Grunow) Mereschkowsky.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

First evidence for the existence of pennate diatom viruses

et al. 2012

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Diatoms are considered the most successful and widespread group of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Their contribution to primary production is remarkably significant to the earth's ecosystems. Diatoms are composed of two orders: Centrales and Pennales. Thus far, viruses infecting centric diatom species have been isolated and characterized; however, viruses infecting pennates have not been reported. Here, we describe the first isolations and preliminary characterizations of two distinct pennate diatom viruses, AglaRNAV (31 nm in diameter, accumulates in the host cytoplasm) and TnitDNAV (35 nm in diameter, accumulates in the host nuclei) infecting Asterionellopsis glacialis and Thalassionema nitzschioides, respectively. Their genomes contain a single-stranded RNA of approximately 9.5 kb, and a closed, circular single-stranded DNA of approximately 5.5 kb harboring a partially double-stranded region, respectively. Further analysis of these viruses may elucidate many aspects of diatom host-virus relationships.

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“…Kooistra et al 2007). Given the apparent overlap of these groups in morphospace, we might expect to see broad morphological stasis across the Cenozoic Era.…”

Section: Morphospace and Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have only considered the taxonomic and morphological diversity of marine planktonic diatoms here, although these only account for as estimated one-tenth the total diversity of diatoms (Kooistra et al 2007). While we are not aware of systematic compilations of global diversity history of either benthic or freshwater diatoms, we expect the trajectories may be different than in the marine plankton-freshwater diatoms, for instance, being dominated by the pennate clade, whereas centric diatoms predominate in the marine planktonic realm (Round et al 1990).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphospaces and Databases: Diatom Diversification through Time

Kotrc

Knoll

2015

Biologically-Inspired Systems

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The diversity of diatom form inspired Art Nouveau designers, an interest renewed by recent advances in biomimetic design. The fossil record provides two windows on the diversification history of diatoms: taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity. Marine planktonic diatom diversity is conventionally interpreted to describe a steep, almost monotonic rise through Cenozoic time. Subsampling methods used to address the associated rise in sampling reveal a more stationary pattern, with peak diversity in the mid-Cenozoic, whether by established methods or a new method (shareholder quorum subsampling, SQS). However, these methods may underestimate diversification if evenness decreases. In order to measure morphological disparity, we constructed an empirical morphospace based on discrete characters. Mean pairwise distance, a disparity metric describing the density of taxa in morphospace, shows little secular change , while convex hull volume, a measure of the extent of occupied morphospace, increases through time. Since we populated the morphospace with occurrence-based data, we can apply subsampling algorithms to these disparity metrics. Mean pairwise distance is largely unaffected, while the increase in occupied volume largely disappears under subsampling. Depending on the metric used, characterizing diatom diversification thus depends upon whether a literal reading of the fossil record or the use of subsampling algorithms is preferred. While this may prompt a reexamination of evolutionary narratives prominently featuring diatom diversification, changes in abundance and 2 silicification may also affect the diatom's biogeochemical importance. For biologically inspired design, an early exploration of diatom morphospace suggests that fossil forms should be considered alongside extant diatoms. IntroductionThe diversity of diatom form has been a source of fascination and inspiration since diatom frustules were first described by the 19th Century pioneers of micropaleontology (Ehrenberg 1838, Haeckel 1904 and their shapes applied to Art Nouveau architecture and design, like René Binet's design for the Printemps department store (Proctor 2006) or Hendrik Petrus Berlage's jewelry imitating chain-forming diatoms (Netherlands Architecture Institute 2012). Many thousands of extant diatom species have been described (Mann and Droop 1996), their shapes representing a wide range of variations on a basic pill-box Bauplan-from circles to triangles, needles, and curves-with staggering variety in the geometrically arranged, hierarchical pore structure (Round et al. 1990), lending an aesthetic that evidently appealed to turn-of-the-century designers. With biomimetic design advancing from superficial aesthetic inspiration to an application of underlying structural and evolutionary principles, renewed interest in diatoms warrants efforts toward a deeper understanding of their diversification, a cardinal feature of any clade's evolutionary history.The fossil record provides two windows on clade diversification history: taxonom...

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The Origin and Evolution of the Diatoms: Their Adaptation to a Planktonic Existence

Cited by 182 publications

References 177 publications

Comparative analysis of the interaction between habitat and growth form in diatoms

Comparative analysis of the interaction between habitat and growth form in diatoms

First evidence for the existence of pennate diatom viruses

Morphospaces and Databases: Diatom Diversification through Time

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