The Origin and Dispersal of Agriculture and Human Diaspora in East Asia

Lu, Tracey L-D

doi:10.4324/9780203343685_chapter_3

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…For China, a number of English- and Chinese-language references (Crawford 1992 ; Underhill 1997 ; Shelach 2000 ; Liu et al 2004a ; Lu 2005 ; Crawford et al 2007 ; Lee et al 2007 ) provide information on sites with millet. We have consulted the primary excavation reports for details of most of these sites, relying on secondary literature where these were not accessible.…”

Section: Methodology and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pan-Eurasian summaries of the archaeobotanical evidence for broomcorn and foxtail millet have previously been published by Marinval ( 1995 ), Zohary and Hopf ( 2000 ) and Jones ( 2004 ).The data for Europe (including the Caucasus) is reviewed in Lisitsyna and Prishchepenko ( 1977 ), Lisitsyna ( 1984 ), and Wasylikowa et al ( 1991 ), and for China in Underhill ( 1997 ), Cohen ( 1998 ), Shelach ( 2000 ), Lu ( 2005 ) and Crawford et al ( 2007 ). To date, however, there has been no comprehensive review of early sites with Panicum and Setaria which provides detailed information on sites, calibrated radiocarbon dates and archaeobotanical finds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World

Hunt

Linden

Liu

et al. 2008

Veget Hist Archaeobot

247

150

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We have collated and reviewed published records of the genera Panicum and Setaria (Poaceae), including the domesticated millets Panicum miliaceum L. (broomcorn millet) and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. (foxtail millet) in pre-5000 cal B.C. sites across the Old World. Details of these sites, which span China, centraleastern Europe including the Caucasus, Iran, Syria and Egypt, are presented with associated calibrated radiocarbon dates. Forty-one sites have records of Panicum (P. miliaceum, P. cf. miliaceum, Panicum sp., Panicum type, P. capillare (?) and P. turgidum) and 33 of Setaria (S. italica, S. viridis, S. viridis/verticillata, Setaria sp., Setaria type). We identify problems of taphonomy, identification criteria and reporting, and inference of domesticated/wild and crop/weed status of finds. Both broomcorn and foxtail millet occur in northern China prior to 5000 cal B.C.; P. miliaceum occurs contemporaneously in Europe, but its significance is unclear. Further work is needed to resolve the above issues before the status of these taxa in this period can be fully evaluated.

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Section: Methodology and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World

Hunt

Linden

Liu

et al. 2008

Veget Hist Archaeobot

247

150

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“…Much of the early published work on agriculture in North China has emphasized the Yellow River Valley (Chang, 1986;An, 1989;Underhill, 1997;Lu, 2005). In the last decade, a range of newly discovered archaeological sites has expanded that geographical focus beyond the river valley sites to sites in the foothills in North China (Crawford, 2006;Liu et al, 2009;Cohen, 2011;Zhao, 2011).…”

Section: New Evidence From Inner Mongoliamentioning

confidence: 99%

The earliest evidence of millet as a staple crop: New light on neolithic foodways in North China

Liu

Jones

Zhao

et al. 2012

American J Phys Anthropol

103

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There is a growing body of archaeobotanical evidence for the harvesting of millet in Eurasia prior to 5,000 cal. BC. Yet direct evidence for the extent of millet consumption in this time period is rare. This contradiction may be due to millet crops making only a minor contribution to the diet before 5,000 BC. In this article, drawing from recent excavations in North China, we present evidence for millet crops making a substantial contribution to human and animal diets in periods, which correspond chronologically with the time depth of the archaeobotanical record. We infer that in eastern Inner Mongolia, human adoption of millets, which may or may be not related to substantial agriculture, happened at the Early Neolithic, with direct dates between 5,800 and 5,300 cal. BC.

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“…One is that it may be an ancestral homeland of almost all present-day East Asian natives (Chu et al, 1998;Jin and Su, 2000;Su and Jin, 2001). Another is that, more recently, expanding populations have moved into the area, in association with specific cultural and linguistic spreads, presumably from central or southern China (Renfrew, 1996;Bellwood, 2001Bellwood, , 2005Higham, 2003;Blench, 2005;Lu, 2005). However in this area, patterns of cultural diffusion detected archaeologically are not always congruent with current patterns of linguistic and genetic differentiation (Chu et al, 1998;Ding et al, 2000;Yao et al, 2002a; also see reviews in Sagart et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that the formation of ethnic populations in the area was complicated both culturally and genetically. A number of causes of such discrepancies have been suggested, including language shifts and cultural diffusion, sometimes without population replacement or major expansion, and substantial population admixture (Ding et al, 2000;Wang, 2001;Lu, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic history of Southeast Asian populations as revealed by ancient and modern human mitochondrial DNA analysis

Lertrit

Poolsuwan

Thosarat³

et al. 2008

American J Phys Anthropol

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The 360 base-pair fragment in HVS-1 of the mitochondrial genome were determined from ancient human remains excavated at Noen U-loke and Ban Lum-Khao, two Bronze and Iron Age archaeological sites in Northeastern Thailand, radio-carbon dated to circa 3,500-1,500 years BP and 3,200-2,400 years BP, respectively. These two neighboring populations were parts of early agricultural communities prevailing in northeastern Thailand from the fourth millennium BP onwards. The nucleotide sequences of these ancient samples were compared with the sequences of modern samples from various ethnic populations of East and Southeast Asia, encompassing four major linguistic affiliations (Altaic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and Austroasiatic), to investigate the genetic relationships and history among them. The two ancient samples were most closely related to each other, and next most closely related to the Chao-Bon, an Austroasiatic-speaking group living near the archaeological sites, suggesting that the genetic continuum may have persisted since prehistoric times in situ among the native, perhaps Austroasiatic-speaking population. Tai-Kadai groups formed close affinities among themselves, with a tendency to be more closely related to other Southeast Asian populations than to populations from further north. The Tai-Kadai groups were relatively distant from all groups that have presumably been in Southeast Asia for longer-that is, the two ancient groups and the Austroasiatic-speaking groups, with the exception of the Khmer group. This finding is compatible with the known history of the Thais: their late arrival in Southeast Asia from southern China after the 10th-11th century AD, followed by a period of subjugation under the Khmers.

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The Origin and Dispersal of Agriculture and Human Diaspora in East Asia

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World

Millets across Eurasia: chronology and context of early records of the genera Panicum and Setaria from archaeological sites in the Old World

The earliest evidence of millet as a staple crop: New light on neolithic foodways in North China

Genetic history of Southeast Asian populations as revealed by ancient and modern human mitochondrial DNA analysis

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