The Orientation of Barnacles to Water Currents

Crisp, D. J.; Stubbings, H. G.

doi:10.2307/1788

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Water flow may affect the settlement of many sessile organisms in a variety of ways (e.g. Crisp & Stubbings 1957, Foster 1975, Eckman 1983, Pawlik & Butman 1993, Abelson & Denny 1997, Osman & Whitlatch 1998. Flow may also affect the development of biofilms (C.D.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sessile marine assemblages on fixed versus moving substrata

Glasby¹

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Epibiotic assemblages have been shown previously to differ between pontoons and rocky reefs. This may occur for a variety of reasons, one of which is that pontoons move, whereas reefs do not. Effects of movement of the substratum are particularly pertinent to studies involving settlement panels because these experimental units are often suspended from pontoons such that they can move up and down, or attached to ropes such that they can rotate. The development of epibiotic assemblages on panels that were fixed, moved up and down, or rotated, was studied to test hypotheses about the effects of movement on sessile organisms. The covers of barnacles, sponges and ascidians increased greatly with increasing movement and/or rotation of the substratum, whereas species of red and brown foliose algae and tubiculous polychaetes generally decreased with increasing movement and/or rotation of the substratum. In general, assemblages on panels that moved up and down were most similar to those on rotating panels. One of the most obvious differences was the 2 to 3-fold greater biomass on rotating panels compared to fixed panels, which was attributed to the greater abundance of barnacles. It was concluded that, although movement of a surface can influence the composition of assemblages, this factor on its own may explain only some of the differences reported between pontoons and reefs. Furthermore, the method of deployment of settlement panels was shown to have great effects on the types of assemblages that develop. Differences in water flow were proposed to explain some of the observed patterns, but this idea needs to be investigated further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sessile marine assemblages on fixed versus moving substrata

Glasby¹

2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Factors such as light (Thorson 1964), temperature (Ryland 1962), water currents (Crisp and Stubbings 1957), and the contour, texture or angle of the surface (Crisp and Barnes 1954;McDougall 1943) have been shown to be important. Also biological factors, such as the presence of a microbial film (ZoBell and Allen 1935), type of algae (Ryland 1959a, b ) , and the presence of the same species (Knight-Jones 195 1 b, 1953a, b;Knight-Jones and Crisp 1953;and Wisely 1960) affect larval settlement.…”

Section: Larval Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since a large component of the epifauna consists of attached, sessile species, the distribution of individuals on the rocks is most often accomplished by a motile larval stage. The selectivity of site of attachment by these larvae at the time of metamorphosis has also been shown to be important to species distributions (Ryland 1959a(Ryland , b, 1960(Ryland , 1962Ryland and Stebbing 1971;Crisp and Barnes 1954;Crisp and Stubbings 1957;Knight-Jones and Crisp 1953;KnightJones 1951aKnightJones , b, 1953aMcDougall 1943;and many others). Other work has shown that differences in species diversity and composition can result from the combined effects of more than one factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Establishment and Development of a Marine Epifaunal Community

Osman¹

1977

Ecological Monographs

548

373

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AND Marine Biological Laboratoyv, Woods Hole, Massachuserts 02543 U S AAbsrruct. Because of the narure of their substratum, the sessile invertebrate species of the marine epifaunal comrnunity living on rocks occur in discrete patterns of distribution. The rocks are finite patches or habitat islands with a limited space for colonization and growth. Such a system is ideal for studying the parameters affecting the distribution of species within a comrriunity. Also, because of the small size and immobility of the adults, the system is also ideal for studying the pattern of change in species composition and diversity within a community. This study used multiple series of manipulated experimental plates, which both duplicated natural rock surfaces and could be compared with sanlples of the rocks, to investigate the developmental and distributional processes of this community.Five major factors were found to be important to both the development of the comrnunity and its distribution on the rocks: ( I ) the selecriviry of the metamorphosing larvae as to site of attachment; ( 2 ) the seawnal fluctuation in larval abundances; (3) the biological interactions within and between species; ( 4 ) the size of rock substrata; and ( 5 ) the physical disturbance of the substrata (rock turnover). Initially, tne developmental process can be uncoupled fiom the effects of substrate size and disturbance. Predation is relatively unimportant as a biological interaction within this conrrnunity, but the species can be ranked according to their ability to compere for the availablespace on a substratum. This ranking implies a type of successional sequence in the development of the community: however, the sequence is greatly affected by historical components. The colonization of a substratum is directly dependent upon the abundance of settling larvae, which in turn is a function of seasonality and selectivity. The eventual competitive outcome and development of the community will depend upon which species have immigrated onro the substratum and is thus dependent upon history. The process is, therefore, open ended: colonization will be highly variable and change seasonally and, although one species may eventually dominate the substratum, it may be one of nine different species depending upon the individual history of that area.The frequency with which a substrarum is disturbed (with the resultant extinction of its fauna) is a function of wave force and is inversely proportional to both the size of the substratum and the depth at which it occurs. Disturbance will determine when a substratum is initially exposed for colonization and how long it will have for development. In the shallow subtidal (mean low water to -2.5 m ) , the frequent disturbance of small rocks will came them to support less than their equilibrium number of species and their fauna will reflect immediate larval abundances. Large rocks will remain stable for long periods of time and will usually be dominated by a single species. Intermediate-sized rocks (1 to 10 dm") will remain ...

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“…In sessile organisms, like barnacles and ascidians, patterns of orientation may be set by active selection during settlement (Crisp and Barnes, 1954), uneven directional growth patterns (e.g. Crisp and Stubbings, 1957;Young and Braithwaite, 1980), or differential rates of mortality post settlement (as suggested by Otway and Underwood, 1987). Intertidal gastropods are intermediate to sessile and highly mobile animals in terms of their flexibility in changing orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%