The organization of the nervous system in Plathelminthes. The neuropeptide F-immunoreactive pattern in Catenulida, Macrostomida, Proseriata

Reuter, Maria; Maule, Aaron G.; Halton, D W; Gustafsson, Margaretha K. S.; Shaw, Chris

doi:10.1007/bf00403257

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Transverse ring commissures occur regularly and have been regarded as characteristic for the orthogonal pattern of the flatworm nervous system. Regularly-occurring transverse nerves extending laterally from the MCs to the LCs were recently described in the cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum by Gustafsson et al (1994), However, the transverse commissures connecting the MCs are missing in D. dendriticum, but were observed in another cestode, Proteocephalus exiguus (Gustafsson et al, 1995).…”

Section: Transverse Nervesmentioning

confidence: 90%

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The nervous system of Tricladida. I. Neuroanatomy ofProcerodes littoralis (Maricola, Procerodidae): An immunocytochemical study

Reuter

Gustafsson

Sahlgren

et al. 1995

Invertebrate Neuroscience

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The organization of the nervous system of Procerodes littoralis (Tricladida, Maricola, Procerodidae) was studied by immunocytochemistry, using antibodies to authentic flatworm neuropeptide F (NPF) (Moniezia expansa). Compared to earlier investigations of the neuroanatomy of tricladid flatworms, the pattern of NPF immunoreactivity in Procerodes littoralis reveals differences in the following respects: 1. Shape and structure of the brain. 2. Number and composition of longitudinal nerve cords. 3. Shape of branches of, and transverse connections between, main ventral nerve cords. 4. Composition of the pharyngeal nervous system. The rich innervation by NPF immunoreactive (IR) fibres and cells of the subepithelial muscle layer, the pharynx musculature and the musculature of the male copulatory apparatus indicates a neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory influence on muscular activity.

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Section: Transverse Nervesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In free living flatworms, immunocytochemical studies have mainly concentrated on the asexually reproducing forms (Reuter and Gustafsson, 1995). Hardly anything is known about the innervanon of genital organs in free living flatworms.…”

Section: Transverse Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nervous system of Tricladida. I. Neuroanatomy ofProcerodes littoralis (Maricola, Procerodidae): An immunocytochemical study

Reuter

Gustafsson

Sahlgren

et al. 1995

Invertebrate Neuroscience

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“…A purely peptidergm innervation of the flatworm gut has previously been observed in the digenean fluke Schistosoma mansom (Gustafsson, 1987(Gustafsson, , 1992) the microturbellarian Microstomum lineare (Reuter et al, 1995a), and the polyclad Notoplana acticola (K. S. Eriksson, unpublished observations). The presence of solely NPF-immunoreactivity in the fibres of the walls of the intestinal diverticula of D. tigrina supports the suggested gut regulatory function for this peptide, belonging to the NPY superfamily Reuter et al, 1995a;). The pharyngeal nervous system conforms in general with that of the planarian species described by Bagu~ and Ballester (1978).…”

Section: Separate Distributionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Nerve cords A common ongm for the main longitudinal nerve cords and a correspondence between them in Cantenulida, Macrostomida and Proseriata have been suggested (Reuter et al, 1995a). In most fresh water planarians, only one pa,r of longitudinal nerve cords, the ventral cords, are present (Hyman, 1951).…”

Section: The Brainmentioning

confidence: 97%

The nervous system of Tricladida. II. Neuroanatomy ofDugesia tigrina (Paludicola, Dugesiidae): An immunocytochemical study

Reuter

Gustafsson

Sheiman

et al. 1995

Invertebrate Neuroscience

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The nervous system (NS) of Dugesia tigrina has been studied by immunocytochemical double-staining, using the authentic flatworm neuropeptide, neuropeptide F (NPF), and serotonin (5-HT) on cryosections. This technique provides a precise morphological (descriptive) account of the NS. The results show that the central nervous system is shaped like a horseshoe. The brain is composed of two lateral lobes connected by three commissures, one antero-dorsal in front of the cerebral eyes and two, more ventral, behind the eyes. The pair of main nerve cords extend from the lateral lobes of the brain to the tail end of the worm. Cross sections reveal a very close contact between lateral branches from the main cords and the submuscular plexus. Thin cord-like lateral nerves are formed by longitudinal plexal fibres. No dorsal cords were observed. The patterns of immunoreactivity to NPF and 5-HT differ from each other in several respects. In the walls of gut diverticula only NPF immunoreactive (IR) cells and fibres were observed. Only NPF-immunoreactive cells occur in the parenchyma along dorso-ventral nerve fibres connecting the dorsal and ventral parts of the submuscular plexus. The number of 5-HT-immunoreactive cells associated with the main nerve cords (MCs) is greater than that of the NPF-immunoreactive cells, and the spongy structure of the MCs is more apparent following immunostaining for 5-HT. Thin 5-HT-immunoreactive fibres were observed in the subepithelial plexus, penetrating the basal lamina and innervating a rhabdite-free ventro-lateral sensory area along the body periphery. The correspondence between MCs in the lower flatworms (Catenulida and Macrostomida) and the Seriata (Tricladida and Proseriata) confirms the status of the MCs in flatworms as the most important and stable neuronal characteristic, and constitutes support for the hypothesized common origin of the MCs in flatworms.

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“…Examples include innervation of the genital complex by FMRFamidergic neurons in Castrella truncata (Abildgaard, 1789) (Dalyelliidae, Kotikova et al 2002) and by catecholaminergic and FMRFamidergic neurons in Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Kalyptorhynchia, Reuter and Eriksson 1991). Studies on non-rhabdocoels such as species of Seriata also reveal aminergic and peptidergic innervation of genital organs, but again, generally as part of a larger study of the nervous system (e.g., JoVe and Reuter 1993;Johnston et al 1996;Reuter et al 1995aReuter et al , b, c, 1996Mäntyla et al 1998). Innervation of reproductive organs in neodermatan rhabdocoels has received more detailed attention (e.g., Maule et al 1990;Poddubnaya et al 2005), but again, most are part of a larger study of the nervous system (reviewed in Gustafsson 1992;Halton and Maule 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Serotonergic and SCPb-like innervation of the atrial complex in Gyratrix hermaphroditus (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) revealed with CLSM

Hochberg

2009

Zoomorphology

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The platyhelminth reproductive system is a complex series of canals, glands, and sclerotic components that Wgure prominently in our understanding of reproductive physiology, taxonomy, and evolution of the Platyhelminthes. Yet, there is limited information on its innervation, especially for free-living species of Rhabdocoela, the most speciose and ecologically diverse assemblage. Here, innervation of the reproductive system in the common marine kalyptorhynch, Gyratrix hermaphroditus, is studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Xuorescent phalloidin, and antibodies to serotonin (5HT) and small cardioactive peptide b (SCP b ). Results show that portions of the female atrial system (uterus, female gonopore) are innervated by peptidergic (SCP b ) neurons that may function to control muscles involved in egg movement. In contrast, portions of the male atrial system (male atrium, male gonopore) are innervated by both peptidergic and serotonergic neurons. These neurons form a complex series of hoops around the musculature of the male atrium that houses prostate stylet type II. It is hypothesized that 5HT is the primary myoexcitatory neurotransmitter, and that it acts either synergistically with SCP b to trigger muscle contractions of the male atrium and protract the copulatory stylet, or that SCP b plays an inhibitory role during contraction of the male atrium. A comparison of the distribution of peptidergic and serotonergic neurons in G. hermaphroditus with other free-living species and parasitic rhabdocoels (Neodermata) reveals similarities in innervation of comparable (though probably not homologous) reproductive organs. These results suggest that the atrial systems of phylogenetically diverse species may share a common neuronal physiology despite their structural diVerences and potential independent evolutionary origins within the Platyhelminthes.

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The organization of the nervous system in Plathelminthes. The neuropeptide F-immunoreactive pattern in Catenulida, Macrostomida, Proseriata

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

The nervous system of Tricladida. I. Neuroanatomy ofProcerodes littoralis (Maricola, Procerodidae): An immunocytochemical study

The nervous system of Tricladida. I. Neuroanatomy ofProcerodes littoralis (Maricola, Procerodidae): An immunocytochemical study

The nervous system of Tricladida. II. Neuroanatomy ofDugesia tigrina (Paludicola, Dugesiidae): An immunocytochemical study

Serotonergic and SCPb-like innervation of the atrial complex in Gyratrix hermaphroditus (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) revealed with CLSM

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