The organisation of the gingival vasculature

Nuki, Klaus; Hock, Janet M.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1974.tb00686.x

Cited by 57 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Because histological sections only had been studied, it was not possible to determine if increased vessel profile number reflected increased tortuosity of existing vessels, or if this was due to true angiogenesis, increasing actual vessel number. The interpretation that seemed most likely correct and consistent with earlier reports in animal studies (Egelberg, 1966;Hock and Nuki, 1971;Kindlova, 1965b;Nuki and Hock, 1974) was that existing vessels had remodeled to become more tortuous. However, it was noted that there was no clear increase in vessel profile number for gingivitis specimens as compared with minimally inflamed tissues (Zoellner and Hunter, 1991a).…”

Section: Expansion Of the Vasculature In Gingivitissupporting

confidence: 78%

“…There have been numerous studies characterising the structure of the gingival vasculature (Carranza et al, 1966;Egelberg 1966;Folke and Stallard, 1967;Kindlova, 1965a;Kindlova and Matena, 1962;Kindlova and Trnkova, 1972;Kishi et al, 1990;Nuki and Hock, 1974;Sims et al, 1988;Weekes and Sims, 1986). Although there are some differences in the findings of these studies, there is generally good agreement in the overall pattern of gingival vessels.…”

Section: Vascular Changes In Gingivitis and Periodontitis Structure Omentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The experimental tools used to investigate these changes have included vital microscopy, vascular casting methods, and histology (Egelberg, 1966;Hock and Nuki, 1971;Kindlova, 1965b;Nuki and Hock, 1974). The vascular changes observed affect particularly the vessels of the gingival sulcus and crest.…”

Section: Expansion Of the Vasculature In Gingivitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation

Zoellner

Chapple

Hunter

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Gingivitis occurring when bacterial plaque accumulates in the gingival crevice provides a convenient and interesting model for chronic inflammation in humans. In some patients, gingivitis progresses to the destructive lesion of periodontitis, involving the formation of periodontal pockets. The basis for pocket formation and progression is not as yet clear, although neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) appear to play a protective role. Vascular changes appear to either facilitate or inhibit PMN function with the effect of either protecting from, or stimulating, periodontitis. Contrary to most circumstances, high endothelial cells in periodontitis are involved with PMN rather than lymphocyte emigration. Expansion of the microvasculature through increased vascular diameter and tortuosity as well as the development of high endothelial cells appears to protect from periodontitis by increasing the supply of both plasma defense factors and PMN to the tissues. Vascular changes that may oppose this and promote periodontitis are the formation of perivascular hyaline material and accumulation of basement membrane rests. The inadequate tissue turnover that accumulation of these vascular products represents can be argued as a vascular response to a chronic inflammation that has failed to eliminate the irritant. It is suggested that these vascular changes may account for the highly localized and burst-like pattern of pocket formation in periodontitis. Finally, it is possible that the recent observation that periodontitis is an independent risk factor for systemic vascular disease may reflect stimulation of acute phase protein synthesis by cytokines released by periodontal high endothelial cells.

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Section: Expansion Of the Vasculature In Gingivitissupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Vascular Changes In Gingivitis and Periodontitis Structure Omentioning

confidence: 85%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation

Zoellner

Chapple

Hunter

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Gingival inflammation presents an increased vascularity with larger vessel size, more capillary loops, [71] slowed blood flow [72] and a restriction of the afferent blood vessels [73]. The capillary units are among the first vessels affected by inflammation in the crestal gingiva [74]. If changes of the vascular morphology in inflammation are related to blood flow changes, they may be the first sign to predict the onset of pathological events in the gingiva [75].…”

Section: Microcirculation Of the Gingivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Doppler Flowmetry Evaluation of the Microcirculation in Dentistry

Todea¹,

Canjau²,

Miron³

et al. 2016

Microcirculation Revisited - From Molecules to Clinical Practice

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This chapter presents the most important features of laser Doppler (LD) techniques: LD flowmetry (LDF) and LD imaging (LDI), together with examples of their clinical applications in dentistry. LDF gives a constant estimation of blood flow at a specified point, whereas LDI gives a 'snapshot' of perfusion at a given point. These methods are non-invasive laser-based techniques for monitoring gingival and pulpal blood flow and could be used as a diagnostic tool. In paediatric dentistry and odontology, LDF proved to be an atraumatic real-time method used for determining the tooth vitality by monitoring the pulp microcirculation in traumatized teeth, fractured teeth and teeth undergoing different conservative treatments (e.g. bleaching, dental preparation for prosthetic restorations, etc.). In periodontology, recent studies showed the ability of LDF to evaluate the health of gingival tissue in different types of periodontal diseases. By using LDF, it is also possible to evaluate the outcome after different periodontal treatments. The laser Doppler line scanning can be used for recording the gingival healing process after a surgical procedure in the anterior area of the oral cavity.

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“…The only region in the periodontium where blood vessels and their blood flow can be directly observed is the gingiva. The blood vessels of the gingiva have been observed with a biomicroscope (Hanson et al, 1968;Hock and Nuki, 1971;Nuki and Hock, 1970). However, only the acral part of the blood vessels distributed throughout the papilla of the tunica propria of the gingival mucosae can be observed from the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Scanning electron microscopic observation of microvasculature in periodontium

Matsuo

Takahashi

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In this study, vascular resin cast models in the periodontium of beagle dogs were prepared and three-dimensional observation of the relationship between the gingiva and periodontal ligament (PDL) vascular network was performed. After the perfusion of Ringer's solution and fixative, synthetic resin was injected from the inferior alveolar arteries. Soft tissue was digested by proteinase solution and specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gingival vascular network (GVN) in the region facing the teeth consisted of sulcular and junctional epithelium. The vascular network of the sulcular epithelium (SE) had a renal glomerulus-like form and the junctional epithelium (JE) consisted of squamous mesh. The gingival sulcular fluid exudated from the vascular network directly beneath the JE, and leukocytes permeated from the vascular network beneath the epithelium. Thus, we considered that the GVN performs an important function in the protection against the inflammation. Periodontal ligament had a polygonal mesh vascular network that was anastomosed to the venous plexus of alveolar bone through Volkmann's canals (VC). When occlusal force was applied, the blood in the periodontal vessels flowed out through VC into the bone marrow, and when the force was removed, it flowed backward into the PDL. This blood transfer acted as an absorber against occlusal force. Our findings suggest that the blood vessels of the gingiva perform an important function in defending against inflammation, while the blood vessels of the PDL play a key role in absorbing occlusal force.

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The organisation of the gingival vasculature

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation

Microvasculature in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: Disruption of vascular networks with protracted inflammation

Laser Doppler Flowmetry Evaluation of the Microcirculation in Dentistry

Scanning electron microscopic observation of microvasculature in periodontium

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