The Organic Matrix of Urinary Uric Acid Crystals

Iwata, Hidenobu; Kamei, Osamu; Abe, Yukichi; Nishio, Shunji; Wakatsuki, Akira; Ochi, Kenji; Takeuchi, Masafumi

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)42542-0

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Like stones, such crystals contain only HS [65]; CS is incorporated into CaOx crystals only in the absence of HA [66], indicating that they probably compete for the same binding sites on the crystal surface. Similar results have been reported for uric acid stones and crystals, with HS being the only GAG detected [67]. …”

Section: Matrix Componentssupporting

confidence: 89%

Nephrolithiasis: Molecular Mechanism of Renal Stone Formation and the Critical Role Played by Modulators

Aggarwal

Narula

Kakkar³

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

260

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urinary stone disease is an ailment that has afflicted human kind for many centuries. Nephrolithiasis is a significant clinical problem in everyday practice with a subsequent burden for the health system. Nephrolithiasis remains a chronic disease and our fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis of stones as well as their prevention and cure still remains rudimentary. Regardless of the fact that supersaturation of stone-forming salts in urine is essential, abundance of these salts by itself will not always result in stone formation. The pathogenesis of calcium oxalate stone formation is a multistep process and essentially includes nucleation, crystal growth, crystal aggregation, and crystal retention. Various substances in the body have an effect on one or more of the above stone-forming processes, thereby influencing a person's ability to promote or prevent stone formation. Promoters facilitate the stone formation while inhibitors prevent it. Besides low urine volume and low urine pH, high calcium, sodium, oxalate and urate are also known to promote calcium oxalate stone formation. Many inorganic (citrate, magnesium) and organic substances (nephrocalcin, urinary prothrombin fragment-1, osteopontin) are known to inhibit stone formation. This review presents a comprehensive account of the mechanism of renal stone formation and the role of inhibitors/promoters in calcium oxalate crystallisation.

show abstract

Section: Matrix Componentssupporting

confidence: 89%

Nephrolithiasis: Molecular Mechanism of Renal Stone Formation and the Critical Role Played by Modulators

Aggarwal

Narula

Kakkar³

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

260

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We have proposed that the proteins are included within the crystalline structure, that is, are intracrystalline (Doyle et al, 1991). This suggestion is supported by theoretical considerations confirming that large immobile organic molecules can adsorb strongly to a crystal surface and become incorporated inside the crystal as growth steps move around and past them (Cabrera and Vermilyea, 1958), as well as by the demonstration of organic material in ghosts of demineralized uric acid crystals generated from human urine (Iwata et al, 1988). However, the concept is still regarded with skepticism by some in the stone field (Mandel, 1997), despite wide recognition that the morphology and structural properties of some biominerals are influenced by the presence of proteins within the individual crystals constituting their fabric (Addadi and Weiner, 1992;Weiner and Addadi, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Intracrystalline Proteins and the Hidden Ultrastructure of Calcium Oxalate Urinary Crystals: Implications for Kidney Stone Formation

Ryall

Fleming

Doyle

et al. 2001

Journal of Structural Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…All urinary stones contain a noncrystalline phase referred to as organic matrix which is distributed throughout the crystalline structure of the stone [1][2][3][4][5] and represents about 2-3% of its dry weight [6]. The ubiquity of this matrix and the fact that it is mainly composed of protein [6] suggest that proteins may fulfill a directive role in stone formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is distributed throughout the stone in a random manner or in a pattern of fibrous concentric and radial striations [1][2][3][4][5]. The predominant component of organic matrix is protein which represents about 2-3% of the dry weight of stones [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Proteins Extracted from Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate Crystals Induced in vitro in the Urine of Healthy Controls and Stone-Forming Patients

Atmani

Khan

2002

Urol Int

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have previously identified proteins extracted from calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals generated experimentally in vitro in whole urine of healthy controls and stone formers. No significant differences were detected between protein components in matrices of crystals obtained from both groups. The aim of the present study was to estimate the amounts of six proteins identified earlier in order to investigate the differences, if any, between healthy controls and lithiasis patients. CaOx and CaP crystals were generated in the urine samples by adding an oxalate and phosphate load, respectively. Crystals were harvested, washed, dried, and analyzed. Crystal matrix protein was extracted by demineralizing crystals with EDTA solution, analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and identified immunochemically using Western blot analysis. The quantity of each protein was estimated by densitometric analysis. The predominant proteins found in organic matrices of CaOx crystals induced in the urine of healthy controls were prothrombin-related proteins followed by albumin and osteopontin. In matrices of CaP crystals, the principal proteins were Tamm-Horsfall protein followed by albumin, prothrombin-related proteins and osteopontin. However, when crystals were induced in the urine of stone formers, albumin was the major component of the organic matrix of both CaOx and CaP crystals. We concluded that a subset of urinary proteins is present in crystal matrix. Among them, albumin seems to play a crucial role in kidney stone formation.

show abstract

The Organic Matrix of Urinary Uric Acid Crystals

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Nephrolithiasis: Molecular Mechanism of Renal Stone Formation and the Critical Role Played by Modulators

Nephrolithiasis: Molecular Mechanism of Renal Stone Formation and the Critical Role Played by Modulators

Intracrystalline Proteins and the Hidden Ultrastructure of Calcium Oxalate Urinary Crystals: Implications for Kidney Stone Formation

Quantification of Proteins Extracted from Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate Crystals Induced in vitro in the Urine of Healthy Controls and Stone-Forming Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About