The Organic Constituents of Soils

The History of Allelopathy

“…13 There are several isomeric forms, and assumedly the form found was 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid, a compound produced by various soil fungi; this is the compound illustrated here. sick soil that led ultimately to the isolation and identification of dihydroxystearic Schreiner and his associates subsequently identified many more organic compounds in soils (Schreiner 1912, Shorey 1913, including terpenes, sterols (Schreiner and Shorey 1909a, 1909b, 1909c, hydrocarbons Shorey 1909a, 1911c), fatty acids Shorey 1910d, 1911c), phenolic acids and aldehydes 14 (Schreiner and Skinner 1914a, 1914cShorey 1914;Skinner 1914Skinner , 1918aSkinner , 1918bSkinner , 1918cSkinner , 1918dSkinner and Noll 1916;Walters 1917) and nitrogenous compounds (Schreiner and Lathrop 1911c;Schreiner and Reed 1908b;Schreiner and Shorey 1907, 1910cSchreiner and Skinner 1912a) (see Table 1). A useful summary of Schreiner's methods for extracting different groups of organic constituents from the soil was given by Thomas (1914).…”

“…Acrylic acid Schreiner 1913Adenine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Schreiner 1913Agroceric acid Schreiner and Shorey 1909aAgrosterol Schreiner and Shorey 1909a, 1909bArginine Schreiner and Shorey 1910, 1910cCholine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Schreiner 1913Creatinine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Shorey 1912α-crotonic acid Walters and Wise 1916Cytosine Schreiner and Shorey 1910, 1910cDihydroxystearic acid Schreiner and Shorey 1908c, 1909aGuanine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Schreiner 1913Hentriacontane Schreiner and Shorey 1910Histidine Schreiner and Shorey 1910Histidine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Schreiner 1913Hypoxanthine Schreiner and Shorey 1910, 1910cLignoceric acid Schreiner and Shorey 1910Lysine Schreiner 1913Mannite Schreiner 1913Monohydroxystearic acid Schreiner and Shorey 1910Nucleic acid Schreiner 1913Oxalic acid Schreiner 1913Paraffinic acid Schreiner and Shorey 1910Pentosan Schreiner and Shorey 1910Pentosan Schreiner 1913Pentose Schreiner 1913Phytosterol Schreiner and Shorey 1910 Picoline carboxylic acid …”

The USDA Bureau of Soils and Its Influence

“…13 There are several isomeric forms, and assumedly the form found was 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid, a compound produced by various soil fungi; this is the compound illustrated here. sick soil that led ultimately to the isolation and identification of dihydroxystearic Schreiner and his associates subsequently identified many more organic compounds in soils (Schreiner 1912, Shorey 1913, including terpenes, sterols (Schreiner and Shorey 1909a, 1909b, 1909c, hydrocarbons Shorey 1909a, 1911c), fatty acids Shorey 1910d, 1911c), phenolic acids and aldehydes 14 (Schreiner and Skinner 1914a, 1914b, 1914cShorey 1914;Skinner 1914Skinner , 1918aSkinner , 1918bSkinner , 1918cSkinner , 1918dSkinner and Noll 1916;Walters 1917) and nitrogenous compounds (Schreiner and Lathrop 1911c;Schreiner and Reed 1908b;Schreiner and Shorey 1907, 1910b, 1910cSchreiner and Skinner 1912a) (see Table 1). A useful summary of Schreiner's methods for extracting different groups of organic constituents from the soil was given by Thomas (1914).…”

“…A view of the Bureau of Soils was that a key to soil fertility was in allowing oxidative processes, including those stimulated by fertilisers, to alter toxic compounds formed by plants in the soil. A useful summary of the work of Schreiner and his colleagues was presented to the American Philosophical Society in 1913, and Schreiner, evidently mindful of the controversy that had preceded, adopted a tempered approach in reconciling the relationship between soil toxins and fertilisers (Schreiner 1913).…”

“…Acrylic acid Schreiner 1913Adenine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Schreiner 1913Agroceric acid Schreiner and Shorey 1909aAgrosterol Schreiner and Shorey 1909a, 1909bArginine Schreiner and Shorey 1910, 1910b, 1910cCholine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Schreiner 1913Creatinine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Shorey 1912α-crotonic acid Walters and Wise 1916Cytosine Schreiner and Shorey 1910, 1910cDihydroxystearic acid Schreiner and Shorey 1908c, 1909aGuanine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Schreiner 1913Hentriacontane Schreiner and Shorey 1910Histidine Schreiner and Shorey 1910Histidine Schreiner and Skinner 1912, Schreiner 1913Hypoxanthine Schreiner and Shorey 1910, 1910c Shorey 1910, 1910c Bureau of Soils, for fear of jeopardising funding. At the same time, the agricultural Examination of work done at the USDA Bureau of Soils took place at university agricultural departments and state agricultural experiment stations.…”