The order, Arrhenius parameters, and mechanism of the reaction between gaseous oxygen and solid carbon

Reactivity in combustion process for expanded graphites: influence of dimensional effect

“…The calculated activation energy stays within the known broad averaged value: E = 167.5 ± 50 kJ· mol −1 for natural graphite oxidation [5,6]. Such a broad estimation of the activation energy can be explained by the different properties of natural graphite samples from different locations.…”

“…The oxidation of natural graphite was considered in several detailed papers [5][6][7]. It was shown that for a prismatic graphite structure, the fraction of edge sites increases, and the fraction of basal plane sites decreases, as the particle size decreases.…”

Mass Transfer in Filtration Combustion Processes

“…It is so difficult to find out it because as soon monoxide forms it may be oxidized immediately to dioxide, while dioxide at rather high temperature may be reduced to monoxide above carbon surface. Currently most part of researchers guess that in result of heterogeneous processes two oxides form together (Lizzio et al, 1990;Bews et al, 2001;Chao'en & Brown, 2001). Oxidation mechanism and the quantitative ratio of formed oxides depend on conditions (temperature, pressure etc.)…”

Graphite oxidation modeling for application in MELCOR.

“…The oxidation of carbon has been extensively studied because of the interest in understanding coal combustion (Makino and Law, 1990;Makino, 1990;Makino, et al,1994;Chelliah, 1996;Chelliah et al, 1996;Chelliah and Miller, 1997;Makino et al, 1998;Bews et al, 2001). For zonal model applications a single Arrhenius expression is a viable approach for the oxidation rate of graphite, with the reaction order with respect to oxygen varying from zero at low temperatures (~400 K) to unity at high temperatures (~ 2500 K), with ½ suggested at 1000 K (Backreedy et al, 2001).…”