The orchids in the Ottawa District : floristics, phytogeography, population studies and historical review / Joyce M. Reddoch and Allan H. Reddoch

Abstract

Region to the south. Four other species are predominantly inhabitants of the Deciduous Forest Region Affinities Ten native Ottawa District species, most with and they are near or at their northern limits here: northern affinities, also occur in Europe and/or Asia Aplectrum hyemale, Galearis spectabilis, as the same or a different variety: Calypso hulbosa. Platanthera flava var. herbiola and Spiranthes cerifidn iia. The distributions of four species, Calopogon repens, Liparis loeselii, Listera cordata, Malaxis tuberosus, Corallorhiza rnaciilata, C striata and monophylla, Platanthera hyperborea, P. obtusata Malaxis unifolia, reach various parts of Mexico, and Spiranthes rotnanzoffiana (Luer 1975). In addi-Central America and the West Indies (Luer 1975; tion, Epipactis helleborine is a relatively recent Homoya 1993). arrival 12 41 85 13 16 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol.111 Capsules and Seeds Capsules autogamous (Catling and Catling 1991), regularly Capsules of some Ottawa District orchids collect-approach 100% yields. A third group of species ed after seed release are illustrated in Figures lad.tends to have rather random yields but with an These species were chosen to complement those appreciable number of plants approaching 100%shown by Homoya (1993) for Indiana, which are yields. This group includes Coeloglossum viride, also representative of plants in the District except for Epipactis helleborine, Platanthera clavellata and Spiranthes lacera. The specimen of Platanthera P. hyperborea, all of which are reported to be autohyperborea illustrated by Homoya is comparable to gamous (Catling 1983a; Catling and Catling 1991), the mesic forest plant of the Ottawa District. Sizesat least in some parts of their ranges. Corallorhiza maculata and Spiranthes lacera usually have Among species, the smallest capsules are those of yi^^ds over 50%, the first of these also being Listera cordata at 0.3 x 0.2 cm and the largest are reported as being autogamous (Catling 1983a; \ho?,e oi Cypripedium reginae dii?>.(y x 1.2 cm. Catling and Catling 1991). Goodyera pubescensThe Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol, 1 1 1 Methodology The species descriptions are based on our observaseeds. These characters were chosen because they tions made in the field in the Ottawa District and the allowed a more quantitative account or were othersurrounding Study Area since 1966 and on herbari-wise of interest to us. Other aspects are well covered um specimens from the same areas examined at the by recent publications (for example: Smith 1993; following institutions (listed in Index Herbariorum Homoya 1993). Part I (Eighth Edition)): Canadian Museum of Nature (CAN), Carleton University (CCO), Heights: The heights are based on our measure-Agriculture Canada (DAO), Field Museum of ^"'1,^^h erbarium specimens and plants in the Natural History (F), Royal Botanical Gardens ^'^^tl range is reported along with the range (HAM), Universite de Montreal (MT), McGill University (MTMG), U.S. National Arboretum including one standard deviation about the mean. See Num...

Some Observations on the Pollination of Round-Leaf Orchid, <em>Galearis</em> (<em>Amerorchis</em>) <em>rotundifolia</em>, Near Jasper, Alberta

“…The lack of visitation by Bombus species in this study, despite their general abundance in the area, might be attributed to the fact that these bees can quickly learn deceptive flowers and G. rotundifolia is a case of food deception, like most related Orchis species (Dafni 1987). Van der Cingel (2001) suggested, without a source, that flowers of G. rotundifolia are both nectar-free and scentless and Reddoch and Reddoch (1997) also suggest that there is no fragrance, but this requires more study. Our observations near Jasper are not conclusive on this point, but some flowers at least were lacking nectar, which could have been due to general lack of nectar or its removal by visiting insects.…”

“…Hilaire 2002, Handley andHeidel 2005). Here it often occurs in isolated colonies of often less than a few dozen plants in cool, calcareous swampy woods and fens (e.g., Reddoch and Reddoch 1997). In contrast, it is frequent in much of the northern boreal forest and western cordillera where substrates range from acid to alkaline and from pure organic peat to coarse sand.…”

“…Hilaire 2002;Handley and Heidel 2005). This attractive species (see Luer 1975 andReddoch andReddoch 1997 for illustrations and a description of the plant) has a widespread distribution in northern North America extending from Newfoundland to Alaska and south to the Great Lakes region (Sheviak and Catling 2002). It is uncommon over much of the southern and particularly the southeastern parts of this range (personal observation, St.…”

Origins and History of The Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club

“…The latter, by paleontologist and OFNC 1927-1928 President E. M. Kindle (1869Kindle ( -1940, who had recently won a $1000 prize in a Canada-wide competition established by Sir William Price for the best article on this subject. This pattern of occasional Special Issues for larger, particularly significant or appropriate subjects has continued to the present day, recent subjects including the Taverner biography (Cranmer-Byng 1996) and a review of the orchid species of the Ottawa District (Reddoch and Reddoch 1997). Earlier long articles, like Fletcher's Flora Ottawaensis (Boivin and Cody 1955) or Hoyes Lloyd's review of the birds of Ottawa , were often serialized over a number of issues.…”

“…A significant amount of Club revenue also resulted from the clearance of a mass of The CFN back issue orders which had built up during the 1941editorship of Harold Senn (1912-1997. Bill Cody and Clarrie Frankton spent weeks ferreting out and following up on years-old orders for The CFN back issues (C. Frankton, personal communications).…”