The Orchestra of Reovirus Cell Entry

Mainou, Bernardo A.

doi:10.1007/s40588-017-0067-5

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Both cathepsins B and L seem to be also involved in the entry initial step of infection by human papillomavirus type 16 virus (HPV16) [ 67 , 68 , 69 ]. Furthermore, cathepsins B, L, and S mediating the disassembly of viral particles after endocytosis are required for reovirus entry [ 70 , 71 , 72 ]. Enzymatic activity of Cathepsin B and L is also utilized by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) to infect cells expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Aid Of Cathepsins To Viruses In the Host Cell Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections

Scarcella

d’Angelo

Ciampa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cathepsins encompass a family of lysosomal proteases that mediate protein degradation and turnover. Although mainly localized in the endolysosomal compartment, cathepsins are also found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular space, where they are involved in cell signaling, extracellular matrix assembly/disassembly, and protein processing and trafficking through the plasma and nuclear membrane and between intracellular organelles. Ubiquitously expressed in the body, cathepsins play regulatory roles in a wide range of physiological processes including coagulation, hormone secretion, immune responses, and others. A dysregulation of cathepsin expression and/or activity has been associated with many human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, kidney dysfunctions, and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as infectious diseases. In viral infections, cathepsins may promote (1) activation of the viral attachment glycoproteins and entry of the virus into target cells; (2) antigen processing and presentation, enabling the virus to replicate in infected cells; (3) up-regulation and processing of heparanase that facilitates the release of viral progeny and the spread of infection; and (4) activation of cell death that may either favor viral clearance or assist viral propagation. In this review, we report the most relevant findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying cathepsin involvement in viral infection physiopathology, and we discuss the potential of cathepsin inhibitors for therapeutical applications in viral infectious diseases.

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Section: Aid Of Cathepsins To Viruses In the Host Cell Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections

Scarcella

d’Angelo

Ciampa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…It is this last form of the viral particle that is transcriptionally active and results in the synthesis of viral mRNA to pursue the multiplication cycle. For a more thorough review on early events related to viral entry, the reader is referred to some excellent reviews [5,6,7,8].…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Reovirus Multiplication Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

How Many Mammalian Reovirus Proteins are involved in the Control of the Interferon Response?

et al. 2019

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As with most viruses, mammalian reovirus can be recognized and attacked by the host-cell interferon response network. Similarly, many viruses have developed resistance mechanisms to counteract the host-cell response at different points of this response. Reflecting the complexity of the interferon signaling pathways as well as the resulting antiviral response, viruses can—and often have—evolved many determinants to interfere with this innate immune response and allow viral replication. In the last few years, it has been evidenced that mammalian reovirus encodes many different determinants that are involved in regulating the induction of the interferon response or in interfering with the action of interferon-stimulated gene products. In this brief review, we present our current understanding of the different reovirus proteins known to be involved, introduce their postulated modes of action, and raise current questions that may lead to further investigations.

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“…Reovirus can attach to cells through low affinity interactions between the viral spike protein sigma 1 (σ1) and the ubiquitous sialic acid [ 56 , 57 ]. There are differences among reovirus strains in sialic acid usage: type 1 Lang interacts with ganglioside GM2 glycan and strain 3 Dearing interacts with a linked 5- N -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) [ 36 , 58 , 59 ]. It is not fully understood how reovirus gains access to its primary high affinity receptor, junction adhesion molecule 1 (JAM-1), which is found in tight junctions [ 60 ].…”

Section: Receptor Attachment and Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reovirus was originally isolated from the stools of children by Rosen and Sabin in the 1950s and is part of the Reoviridae family [ 30 , 31 ]. Other members of this family include rotavirus, which is most commonly responsible for severe paediatric gastroenteritis, and bluetongue virus, which causes disease in ruminants [ 36 , 37 ]. There are four main mammalian orthoreoviral serotypes studied in laboratories (Types 1–4) that have been identified through antibody neutralisation and hemagglutination-inhibition; among these, the strains most commonly used (one for each serotype, respectively) are Lang, Jones, Dearing and Ndelle [ 30 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going (Reo)Viral: Factors Promoting Successful Reoviral Oncolytic Infection

Bourhill

Mori

Rancourt

et al. 2018

Viruses

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Oncolytic viruses show intriguing potential as cancer therapeutic agents. These viruses are capable of selectively targeting and killing cancerous cells while leaving healthy cells largely unaffected. The use of oncolytic viruses for cancer treatments in selected circumstances has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the US and work is progressing on engineering viral vectors for enhanced selectivity, efficacy and safety. However, a better fundamental understanding of tumour and viral biology is essential for the continued advancement of the oncolytic field. This knowledge will not only help to engineer more potent and effective viruses but may also contribute to the identification of biomarkers that can determine which patients will benefit most from this treatment. A mechanistic understanding of the overlapping activity of viral and standard chemotherapeutics will enable the development of better combinational approaches to improve patient outcomes. In this review, we will examine each of the factors that contribute to productive viral infections in cancerous cells versus healthy cells. Special attention will be paid to reovirus as it is a well-studied virus and the only wild-type virus to have received orphan drug designation by the FDA. Although considerable insight into reoviral biology exists, there remain numerous deficiencies in our understanding of the factors regulating its successful oncolytic infection. Here we will discuss what is known to regulate infection as well as speculate about potential new mechanisms that may enhance successful replication. A joint appreciation of both tumour and viral biology will drive innovation for the next generation of reoviral mediated oncolytic therapy.

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The Orchestra of Reovirus Cell Entry

Cited by 8 publications

References 89 publications

The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections

The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections

How Many Mammalian Reovirus Proteins are involved in the Control of the Interferon Response?

Going (Reo)Viral: Factors Promoting Successful Reoviral Oncolytic Infection

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