The Oral Microbiome Throughout Pregnancy

Koerner, Rebecca; Prescott, Stephanie; Alman, Amy C.; Duffy, Allyson; Groër, Maureen

doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000000930

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Many studies found an association between the nearest and farthest anatomical sites of a sampling microbiome and found strong interconnections [ 3 , 19 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Similarly, a recent scoping review [ 50 ] provides valuable insights into the oral microbiome of preterm infants, complementing our focus on the airway. The review emphasizes the interconnectedness of oral and airway microbiomes, hinting at potential seeding reservoirs for respiratory microbes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm Infants’ Airway Microbiome: A Scoping Review of the Current Evidence

Colombo,

Nava,

Castoldi

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The aim of this scoping review was to investigate and synthesize existing evidence on the airway microbiome of preterm infants to outline the prognostic and therapeutic significance of these microbiomes within the preterm population and identify gaps in current knowledge, proposing avenues for future research. We performed a scoping review of the literature following the Arskey and O’Malley framework. In accordance with our inclusion criteria and the intended purpose of this scoping review, we identified a total of 21 articles. The investigation of the airway microbiome in preterm infants has revealed new insights into its unique characteristics, highlighting distinct dynamics when compared to term infants. Perinatal factors, such as the mode of delivery, chorioamnionitis, the respiratory support, and antibiotic treatment, could impact the composition of the airway microbiome. The ‘gut–lung axis’, examining the link between the lung and gut microbiome as well as modifications in respiratory microbiome across different sites and over time, has also been explored. Furthermore, correlations between the airway microbiome and adverse outcomes, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), have been established. Additional research in neonatal care is essential to understand the early colonization of infants’ airways and explore methods for its optimization. The critical opportunity to shape long-term health through microbiome-mediated effects likely lies within the neonatal period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm Infants’ Airway Microbiome: A Scoping Review of the Current Evidence

Colombo,

Nava,

Castoldi

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…There is limited research on the composition of the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. There may be alterations in the oral microbiome during pregnancy such as increased relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Koerner et al, 2023). The distribution and clustering of oral microbiome for gingivitis among women at 3 months of pregnancy have not been explored and this especially in the interdental spaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal pathogens of the interdental microbiota in a 3 months pregnant population with an intact periodontium

Carrouel,

Kanoute,

Lvovschi

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Steroid hormones and the oral microbiota of pregnant women both appear as cumulative risk factors for gingivitis. This cross-sectional study, using real-time PCR, investigated the composition and diversity of the microbiota in interdental spaces of 3 months pregnant women with intact periodontium according the 2018 EFP/AAP classification. Bacteria identified were belonged to the red (Porphyromonas gingivalis Treponema denticola, and Tanerella forsythia), orange (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Parvimonas micra), and green (Eikenella corrodens and A. actinomycetencomitans) Socransky complexes. Approximatively 109.11 bacteria were counted per interdental space in pregnant women. Bacteria from the red complex represented 33.80% versus 62.81% for the orange group versus 3.39% for the green group of the total number spread over the 3 groups. Dietary habits and physical activity did not have a significant impact on interdental microbiota, although a decrease in the median amount of 9 periodontopathogens was observed when fruit and vegetable consumption increased. Pregnant women who brushed their teeth at least twice a day had lower counts of total bacteria and 9 periodontal pathogens than those who brushed less. In 3 months pregnant women at high risk of periodontal disease (>30% bleeding sites), the dendogram revealed 2 clusters of the 9 periodontopathogens. This provides further support for the “key pathogen” hypothesis, among which Porphyromonas gingivalis plays a key role, indicating that specific bacteria in limited quantities can influence the host immune system and convert the microbiota from symbiotic to dysbiotic to induce inflammatory disorder. As a result, this study reported that 3 months pregnant women with healthy periodontium had high levels of interdental bleeding and a dysbiotic microbiota with periodontal pathogens of the Socransky orange and red complexes. These subjects were therefore potentially at increased risk of developing periodontal disease and, consequently, an adverse pregnancy outcome. So, preventive oral prophylaxis measures, in particular individual interdental prophylaxis, should be implemented as soon as pregnancy is established.

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