The oral melanotic macule

Page, Lawrence R.; Corio, Russell L.; Crawford, Benton E.; Giansanti, Joseph S.; Weathers, Dwight R.

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(77)90272-9

Cited by 63 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…OPN mostly occurred on the buccal mucosa similar to previous reports though recently OPN was found out to be more common on the palate 3,21) . Both benign lesions were mostly less than 6 mm in diameter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Clinico-pathological Evaluation of Oral Melanotic Macule, Oral Pigmented Nevus and Oral Mucosal Melanoma

Buery

Siar

Katase

et al. 2010

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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Focal pigmented melanocytic lesions rarely occur in the oral cavity but should not be taken for granted for they may represent markers or risks for oral mucosal melanoma (OMM). The study investigated the clinical and pathological features of focal pigmented lesions of melanocytic origin focusing on oral melanotic macule (oral MM), oral pigmented nevus (OPN) and OMM. Immunohistochemistry was employed with S100, HMB-45, Melan A, c-kit and Ki-67. Oral MM mostly occurred on the gingiva and buccal mucosa while OPN mostly occurred on the buccal mucosa. OMM occurred on the palate and gingiva. A female gender predilection was observed in oral MM. Most of the benign lesions were less than 6 mm in diameter while OMM had greater than 10 mm in diameter. Benign lesions occurred in almost the same location as that of OMM. S100 and c-kit were detected in most benign cases while HMB-45 and Melan A were focally detected in some cases. S100, HMB-45 and Melan A expressions were detected in all cases of OMM. Ki-67 was only detected at the epithelial basal layer in oral MM and was completely negative in nevus cells. In OMM, Ki-67 was more than 80%. In conclusion, oral MM and OPN may not be markers of risk for OMM but excisional biopsy is highly recommended for clinically undefined lesions greater than 6 mm in diameter. The combination of S100, c-kit, HMB-45 and Melan A can be utilized to support the diagnosis of OMM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…They are most commonly seen on the gingiva, buccal mucosa and palate. Those occurring on the lower lip are simply called melanotic macule 2,3) . OPN is a very rare occasion in the oral cavity characterized by the accumulation of nevus cells at the junctional epithelium or in the submucosa or a combination of both 4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-pathological Evaluation of Oral Melanotic Macule, Oral Pigmented Nevus and Oral Mucosal Melanoma

Buery

Siar

Katase

et al. 2010

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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“…Physiological pigmentation of the oral mucosa (mostly gingiva), is clinically manifested as multifocal or diffuse melanin pigmentation with variable amounts in different ethnic groups worldwide[23] and it occurs in all races. [24] Melanin is deposited by melanocytes, mainly located intertwined between the basal and the suprabasal cell layers of epithelium,[56] often observed to a greater degree at the incisors. [7] In Caucasians, most melanocytes have striated granules that are incompletely melanized and vary in size from 0.1 to 0.3 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brown or dark pigmentation or discoloration of the gingival tissue is however considered as multifaceted etiology, including genetic factors[8] (irrespective of age[24] and gender;[13] hence, termed physiologic or racial pigmentations[214] ), tobacco use,[1516] systemic disorders[17] (endocrine disturbance, Albright's syndrome, malignant melanoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, hemachromatosis, chronic pulmonary disease, Addison's syndrome and von Recklinghausen's disease [neurofibromatosis]),[1718] antimalarial therapy,[1920] tricyclic antidepressants and a variety of local and systemic factors. [21]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Split mouth de-epithelization techniques for gingival depigmentation: A case series and review of literature

Kathariya

Pradeep

2011

J Indian Soc Periodontol

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Gingival melanin pigmentation occurs in all races of mankind. Although clinical melanin pigmentation does neither present itself as a medical problem nor a disease entity, it is a major esthetic concern for many people, especially Asians. Esthetic gingival depigmentation procedures can be performed in such patients with excellent results. This case series presents a split mouth de-epithelization procedure using popular surgical techniques such as scalpel, bur abrasion or electrosurgery. These techniques were successfully used to treat gingival hyperpigmentation. Although we found that electrosurgery increased the efficacy of our work, giving a cleaner and neater work field, it required a lot of precision. In contrast, scalpel de-epithelization was easy and technique-friendly, giving excellent results and patient satisfaction. However, the cases are being followed-up to study the factors affecting the rate and length of time required for repigmentation and to study the repigmentation patterns. This case series also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques available for depigmentation, and reiterates that the scalpel technique still serves as a gold standard for depigmentation.

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“…[5] This pigmentation may be prevalent across all the races, at any age and is devoid of any gender predilection. [678]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalpel depigmentation and surgical crown lengthening to improve anterior gingival esthetics

KC¹,

Pradeep

2016

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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A smile is a mesmerizing expression of joy, success, courtesy and reveals self-confidence. The harmony of the smile is determined not only by the shape, position and the color of teeth, but also by the gingival architecture. Gingival tissues form an important part of what we can consider to be a pleasing smile. The elegance of this pleasant smile could be, affected by highly pigmented gingiva. This gingival pigmentation occurs as a result of melanin granules, which are produced by melanoblast. Although melanin pigmentation does not present a medical problem, demand for cosmetic therapy is commonly sort by people with moderately pigmented gingiva. This case report highlights, a case of excessive gingival display and hyperpigmentation treated with anterior crown lengthening and gingival depigmentation using the scalpel technique.

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The oral melanotic macule

Cited by 63 publications

References 6 publications

Clinico-pathological Evaluation of Oral Melanotic Macule, Oral Pigmented Nevus and Oral Mucosal Melanoma

Clinico-pathological Evaluation of Oral Melanotic Macule, Oral Pigmented Nevus and Oral Mucosal Melanoma

Split mouth de-epithelization techniques for gingival depigmentation: A case series and review of literature

Scalpel depigmentation and surgical crown lengthening to improve anterior gingival esthetics

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