The oral cavity as a site for systemic drug delivery

Rathbone, Michael J.; Drummond, Bernadette; Tucker, Ian G.

doi:10.1016/0169-409x(94)90024-8

Cited by 168 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…While portions of the intercellular spaces and cytoplasm are hydrophilic, thereby providing a permeability barrier to lipophilic compounds due to their low solubility, the cell membrane and the intercellular lipids are lipophilic and, given their low partition coefficient, they provide a permeability barrier to hydrophilic drugs. Although a carrier-mediated transport of monocarboxylic acids from rabbit oral mucosa has been reported [44], these systems have not been fully described and further investigations are warranted.…”

Section: Absorption Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucoadhesive Polymers for Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery: A Review

Bagán¹,

Paderni²,

Termine³

et al. 2012

CPD

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Abstract:The oral mucosa offers an interesting site for the application of dosage forms that release drugs within/throughout the oral mucosa, by assuring a high drug bioavailability for topic and systemic effects. However, the relative permeability of the oral mucosa and the washing effect related to the oral fluids and mechanical stresses must be considered in the formulation of oral dosage forms. Since a sustained drug release can be guaranteed only if dosage forms remain in contact with the oral site of absorption/application for a prolonged time, the development of mucoadhesive dosage forms is mandatory. The mucoadhesion is a complex phenomenon and the mucoadhesive bond consists of two different parts, the mucoadhesive polymers and the mucous substrate. In addition to factors related to the oral mucosa and oral environment features, the physical-chemical characteristics of mucoadhesive polymers must be also considered as factors influencing the mucoadhesive bonds. While it is not possible to modify the mucosal features or it is possible to modify or inhibit only in part certain mucosal processes, the knowledge of polymer properties influencing mucoadhesive bonds allows to modify or to control these properties in developing increasingly effective mucoadhesive systems. The aims of this review are to discuss the several mechanisms and factors behind the phenomenon of mucoadhesion with particular reference to the features of the oral environment, oral mucosa, and polymeric compounds influencing mucoadhesion process. Finally, a brief mention to the main mucoadhesive dosage forms designed for oral transmucosal drug delivery is made.

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Section: Absorption Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucoadhesive Polymers for Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery: A Review

Bagán¹,

Paderni²,

Termine³

et al. 2012

CPD

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“…[48,49] c). Carr's index:-Based on the poured density and tapped density, the % compressibility of the granuleswas computed using the Carr"s compressibility index:…”

Section: Buccoadhesive Dosage Forms May Be Classified Into Three Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[30,32] Up to 70% of the total mucin found in saliva is contributed by the minor salivary glands. [30,32] At physiological pH the mucus network carries a negative charge (due to the sialic acid and sulfate residues) which may play a role in buccoadhesion. At this pH mucus can form a strongly cohesive gel structure that will bind to the epithelial cell surface as a gelatinous layer.…”

Section: World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[48,49] d. Ideal characteristics  Polymer and its degradation products should be non-toxic, non-irritant and free from leachableimpurities.…”

Section: Buccal Adhesive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major determinant of the salivary composition is the flow rate which in turn depends upon three factors: the time of day, the type of stimulus and the degree of stimulation. [30,32] The salivary pH ranges from 5.5 to 7 depending on the flow rate. At high flow rates, the sodium and bicarbonate concentrations increase leading to an increase in the pH.…”

Section: World Journal Of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Buccoadhesive Drug Delivery System- A Review

Sourav¹

2017

WJPPS

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Drug Delivery Systems

Azagury,

Kaeek,

Khoury

et al. 2023

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Drug delivery systems (DDSs) and their administration routes play a critical role in the efficacy and safety of drugs. There are several physiological routes for drug delivery, including oral administration, injectables, inhalation, transdermal, intranasal, and transdermal delivery. This article focuses on these administration routes, describes their advantages and disadvantages, and elaborates on triggered and targeted DDS. Additionally, this article also describes drug release mechanisms from DDSs. DDSs are classified based on their physicochemical properties and administration routes. Pulsatile/stimuli systems allow controlled drug release at a specific time or location in response to an external stimulus. In addition, the controlled DDS employs several drug release mechanisms, such as diffusion, swelling, and erosion, to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. Representative applications of DDSs include the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The COVID‐19 vaccine is a significant achievement in DDS, showcasing its potential to address global health crises. It utilizes lipid nanoparticles to encapsulate and protect mRNA, enabling targeted delivery to host cells. The mRNA instructs cells to produce the spike protein of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, triggering an immune response for COVID‐19 protection. In conclusion, DDSs and their administration routes are vital for safe and effective drug development, with recent advances such as pulsatile/stimuli systems showing promise for targeted delivery. The COVID‐19 vaccine development demonstrates the potential of DDS in tackling global health issues.

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The oral cavity as a site for systemic drug delivery

Cited by 168 publications

References 85 publications

Mucoadhesive Polymers for Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery: A Review

Mucoadhesive Polymers for Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery: A Review

Buccoadhesive Drug Delivery System- A Review

Drug Delivery Systems

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