The oral and facial manifestations of dermatomyositis with calcinosis

Evaluation of oral manifestations and masticatory force in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis

“…Calcinosis and overall mucosal oedema have been reported as manifestations of myositis (9, 10), however, none of these changes were found in the present study.…”

“…Marginal oedematous gingivitis is believed to be a special sign of the capillary changes in PM and DM (7), and furthermore, gingival telangiectasia was found to be analogous to nail fold telangiectasia, which is a prominent alteration of DM (8). Calcification is also a typical manifestation of the skin and the mucosa in DM (9) but an unusual form, as a corollary sign of the generalized calcinosis, may result in the obliteration of the pulp chamber of the teeth (9). Whitish reticulated patches on the tongue, lichen‐like lesions were also described, although authors declared that those are not specific characteristics of myositis (6, 7).…”

“…Dysphagia, affects 15–50% of the patients with IIM diseases (6, 10, 11), which is attributed to the oesophagus dysmotility (because of the weakness of the striated muscles), and to the inflammatory macroglossia (10). These quite few reviews are limited only to the mucosal symptoms (5, 7, 9), or case reports (10) about very few, mainly paediatric, DM patients (6, 8). There are no studies, which have systematically evaluated the oral health status of these patients; neither dental nor periodontal considerations have been available.…”

Periodontal disease in pediatric rheumatic diseases

“…58,59 Alterations in the masticatory system have been identifi ed in JDM patients, such as: hyposalivation, mucosal alterations, mainly in the form of telangiectasia, [58][59][60][61][62][63] and weakness of the masticatory muscles. 58 The reduction of mandibular mobility, particularly mouth opening in active JDM patients reinforces the possibility that this fi nding is an additional manifestation of JDM in the masticatory system and a consequence of muscle weakness.…”

Dermatomyositis: observations on the use of immunosuppressive therapy and review of literature. Cairo—Glasgow study group

“…Calcification occurs with normal levels of inorganic ions of calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular fluids owing to alteration of the tissues or loss of local inhibition of calcification such as tissue proteinpolysaccharides or inorganic pyrophosphate in the extracellular fluids (Mills, 1971). Respiratory muscle weakness may occur and lesser skeletal muscles may also become involved including cricopharyngeal, facial, extra-ocular and distal limb muscles (Porubsky, Murry and Pratt, 1973;Bates, Stevens and Hudgson, 1973;Saunders, Huntley and Sharp, 1973;Sanger and Kirby, 1973). Interstitial pneumonia (Degos, Civatte and Belaich, 1971), pulmonary fibrosis, asymptomatic or accompanied by acute febrile pneumonia (Frazier and Miller, 1974;Schwarz et al, 1976).…”