The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for 8–15kg pigs

Soumeh, Elham Assadi; Milgen, Jaap van; Sloth, N. M.; Corrent, E.; Poulsen, Hanne; Nørgaard, J.V.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.013

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Van Koevering and Nissen also revealed that 34% of injected HMB was excreted in the urine, but otherwise, the fate of HMB remains unknown [6]. Metabolism of BCAAs are known to interact with each other, and it is generally believed that excessive supply of dietary leucine leads to catabolism of isoleucine and valine [7,8]. However, recently excessive supply of isoleucine was shown to reduce growth in post-weaning of pigs [7], whereas, the excessive supply of leucine or valine had no negative effects on growth performance [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net Absorption and Metabolism of β-Hydroxy- β-Methyl Butyrate during Late Gestation in a Pig Model

Kristensen

Krogh

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The leucine metabolite, β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB), is widely used in human nutrition and animal production as a nutritional supplement. Although the HMB usage during late gestation has been demonstrated to have a positive effect on fetal development, knowledge on net absorption and metabolism of HMB and impact of HMB on branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism is lacking. To address this, we conducted a study using pigs during the perinatal period as a model organism. Eight-second parity sows were fitted with indwelling catheters in the femoral artery and in the portal, hepatic, femoral, and mesenteric veins. Eight hourly sets of blood samples were taken starting 30 min before the morning meal on day –10 and day –3 relative to parturition. Four control (CON) sows were fed a standard lactation diet from day –15 and throughout the experiment, and 4 HMB sows were fed the control diet supplemented with 15 mg Ca(HMB)2/kg body weight mixed in one third of the morning meal from day –10 until parturition. Blood gases, plasma metabolites, milk compositions, and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients were measured. Arterial plasma concentrations of HMB (p < 0.001), Cys (p < 0.001), and Lys (p < 0.10) were increased in HMB supplemented sows, while arterial plasma triglycerides concentration was decreased (p < 0.05). The net portal recovery of Ala and Asp were increased in HMB sows (p < 0.05). Sows fed HMB had increased hepatic vein flow and net hepatic fluxes of Met, Asn, and Gln (p < 0.05). In contrast, the femoral extraction rates of Ala and Ser were decreased by dietary HMB supplementation (p < 0.05). Dietary HMB treatment and sampling time relative to feeding had an interaction on arterial concentrations, net portal fluxes, and femoral extraction rates of BCAAs. The net portal recovery of HMB was 88%, while 14% of supplemented HMB was excreted through urine and 4% through feces. Moreover, the gastrointestinal tract metabolized 8% while the liver metabolized 12%. Finally, 26% of the daily intake of HMB was secreted via colostrum at the day of farrowing. This study demonstrated that dietary HMB supplementation increased net uptake of amino acids and increased fatty acid oxidation through improving blood flow and insulin sensitivity during the late gestation. Most importantly, oral HMB administration could maintain a stable postprandial absorption and altered metabolism in BCAAs. Net portal flux of HMB at 5.5 to 6.5 h after feeding approached zero, indicating that HMB ideally should be administrated two or three times, daily.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net Absorption and Metabolism of β-Hydroxy- β-Methyl Butyrate during Late Gestation in a Pig Model

Kristensen

Krogh

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…In comparison to Leu, Val and Ile are reported to have less or no effect on the regulation of the BCKDH complex activity (Cynober and Harris, 2006;Wiltafsky et al, 2009). The results of recently published works from our group showed that Ile may also have a regulatory effect on BCAA catabolism, as an Ile excess decreases performance and plasma Leu concentration (Soumeh et al, 2014, Nørgaard et al, 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible leucine to lysine for 8 to 12 kg female pigs1

Soumeh

Milgen

Sloth

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:The objective of the study was to estimate Leu requirement for weaned piglets to balance indispensable AA in reduced CP diets. A dose-response experiment was conducted to estimate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Leu to Lys ratio required for the maximum growth of young pigs after weaning. In this study, 96 female pigs (initial BW of 8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 16 individually penned pigs per treatment. Graded levels of crystalline l-leu were added to a basal diet to provide diets containing 0.70, 0.80, 0.90, 1.00, 1.10, and 1.20 SID Leu:Lys. Lysine was limiting and fulfilled 90% of the current recommendations. The ADFI, ADG, and G:F were determined during a 2 wk experimental period. Blood and urine samples were taken at the end of each wk. The ADFI increased linearly (P < 0.001) from 0.70 to 0.80 SID Leu:Lys and then remained constant from 0.90 to 1.20 SID Leu:Lys.The ADG showed a quadratic increase (P = 0.02), as the SID Leu:Lys level increased from 0.70 to 0.90 SID Leu:Lys and did not change further from 0.90 to 1.20 SID Leu:Lys. The G:F increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing SID Leu:Lys level, and the greatest G:F was achieved with pigs receiving the diet with 0.80 SID Leu:Lys. Increasing the dietary SID Leu:Lys resulted in a linear increase in plasma Leu concentration (P < 0.001) and quadratic increases (P < 0.001) in plasma Cys concentration. The plasma concentration of most of the other AA was lowest in pigs receiving the diets with 0.90 to 1.00 SID Leu:Lys. The plasma urea nitrogen concentration tended (P = 0.08) to be lowest in pigs receiving 1.00 SID Leu:Lys, suggesting a more balanced AA profile at this level. Using a curvilinear-plateau model, the SID Leu:Lys requirement was estimated at 0.93 to maximize growth in female pigs weighing 8 to 12 kg.

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“…It was also noticed that piglets are sensitive to a deficiency in Val (Gloaguen et al, 2012) or an excess in Leu (Wessels et al, 2015), which leads to a reduction of feed intake (FI) and therefore a deterioration of growth performance. Moreover, other studies established the requirement of Leu (Gloaguen et al, 2012 and2013;Wessels et al, 2015), Ile (Nørgaard et al, 2013;Soumeh et al, 2014) and His (Li et al, 2002) at 100%, 53% and 32% on a SID Lys ratio, respectively. Thus, the requirements of these AA are established and scientifically reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Interaction and imbalance between indispensable amino acids in young piglets

Jansman

Cirot

Corrent

et al. 2019

Animal

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Lowering protein level in diets for piglets urge to have knowledge on the piglet's requirements for essential amino acids (AA) and their interactions. The present studies aimed to determine the interaction between the dietary level of valine (Val) and tryptophan (Trp) and the effect of AA imbalance at two levels of dietary Val on the growth performance of post-weaning piglets. In Experiment 1 (duration 4 weeks), the effects of supplementation of free L-Val (1.0 g/kg) and/or L-Trp (0.5 g/kg) in a low-CP diet (CP 17.7%), marginal in Trp and Val, was studied in a 2 × 2 factorial design and using an additional reference treatment (CP 19.5%). In Experiment 2 (duration 5 weeks), the influence of a stepwise increase in excess supply of isoleucine (Ile), histidine (His) and leucine (Leu), up to 10, 10% and 30% relative to their requirement values respectively, was evaluated at 60% or 70% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val relative to SID lysine, using a 3 × 2 factorial design. In Experiment 1, over the whole experimental period, feed intake (FI) was affected by dietary Trp level (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by both the level of Trp and Val in the diet (both P < 0.05). Increasing Trp level increased FI and decreased FCR while increasing dietary Val level reduced FI and increased FCR. For BW gain (BWG), there was an interaction between dietary level of Trp and Val (P < 0.05). Valine supplementation decreased BWG using a diet marginal in Trp, whereas it increased BWG when using a Trp sufficient diet. Piglets fed the low-CP diet with adequate levels of Val and Trp showed at least same performance compared to piglets fed the high CP reference diet. In Experiment 2, increasing dietary Val improved FI and BWG (P < 0.001) and tended to improve FCR. Dietary AA excess for Ile, His and Leu reduced FI and BWG (P < 0.05) and only affected FCR (P < 0.01) in the 1 st week of the study. Dietary level of Val and AA excess did not show interactive effects, except for FCR over the final 2 weeks of the study (P < 0.05). In conclusion, an interaction exists between dietary supply of Val and Trp on the zootechnical performance of post-weaning piglets and dietary AA excess for Ile, Leu and His, reduces growth performance of piglets in low-protein diets, independent of the dietary level of Val. ImplicationsThe increasing availability of feed-grade amino acid (AA) allows a reduction of CP content in animal diets. Besides the beneficial effects of dietary protein reduction on animal health and environment, the use of feed-grade AA provides a more balanced supply of AA relative to their requirements. This study shows that responses of the zootechnical performance of piglets towards dietary supplementation of free Ltryptophan (L-Trp) and L-valine (L-Val) are dependent of the dietary concentrations of these AA and that dietary amino excess for leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and histidine (His) reduces performance of piglets on low-protein diets. This demonstrates the importance of supplying adequate dietary levels of AA in line w...

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The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine for 8–15kg pigs

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Net Absorption and Metabolism of β-Hydroxy- β-Methyl Butyrate during Late Gestation in a Pig Model

Net Absorption and Metabolism of β-Hydroxy- β-Methyl Butyrate during Late Gestation in a Pig Model

The optimum ratio of standardized ileal digestible leucine to lysine for 8 to 12 kg female pigs1

Interaction and imbalance between indispensable amino acids in young piglets

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