The optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from pot marigold (Calendulae officinalis L.) flowers

Abstract

Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) contains various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponosides, carotenoids, triterpene alcohols, polysaccharides, amino acids, and essential oil. The extract of pot marigold flower has a benefit to the skin due to the presence of flavonoids that possess the anti-inflammatory, astringent, antifungal, and antiseptic effects. The aim of this study was to apply the ultrasound-assisted extraction as an advanced extraction technique and to investigate the impact of extraction time (5-35 min), ethanol concentration (20-80%, v/v), and extraction temperature (30-70 °C) on the total flavonoid content of pot marigold flower at the liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 cm 3 g -1 . The total flavonoids content of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically with aluminium (III) chloride. The modeling of ultrasound-assisted extraction was carried out using a Box-Behnken design. Thus found optimal extraction conditions were the extraction time of 29 min, 39.6% (v/v) ethanol, and extraction temperature of 64.2 °C. The experimental value (220.2 mg 100 g -1 d.w.) of the total flavonoid content under optimal conditions was in a good agreement with the predicted value (221.5 mg 100 g -1 d.w.). According to the results of statistical analysis, the proposed second-order polynomial equation can be used to describe the extraction of flavonoids and to predict the total flavonoid content. The extraction procedure can be accepted from the point of the pharmaceutical application due to the use of ethanol as a representative of green solvents. The extraction time was shorter compared with other conventional extraction techniques.

Enrichment in Antioxidant Flavonoids of Stamen Extracts from Nymphaea lotus L. Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Macroporous Resin Adsorption

“…UAE is considered one of the simplest, most efficient and most economical methods of increasing the yields of plant extraction [23]. UAE is also successfully employed in the extraction of the black locust flower [26] and wheatgrass [27] as well as the pot marigold flower [28] to investigate their polyphenols and flavonoids.…”

Intensification of polyphenols extraction from orange peels using infrared as a novel and energy saving pretreatment

“…Cavitation bubbles brake plant material particles and cells, facilitate the release of extractable compounds and increase the mass transport inside of plant tissue (Chemat, Zill‐E‐Huma, & Khan, ). The use of US as an extraction technique for the recovery of polyphenols can reduce the time of extraction compared to other conventional methods (Zerajić, Savić‐Gajić, Savić, & Nikolić, ). This can be explained by a better penetration of the solvent into the cellular material during the US extraction (Chemat et al., ).…”

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Identification of Phytochemical Profiling by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

“…Response surface method (RSM), a mathematical and statistical tool, is widely used to optimize the extraction process, and can elucidate the possible interactions between experimental variables in various processes, reduce experiment numbers and improve statistical interpretation [ 16 ]. Zerajic et al [ 17 ] optimized the factors (extraction time, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature) affecting the UAE of Calendulae officinalis L. flowers using a Box-Behnken design (BBD). Yang et al [ 18 ] applied the BBD to optimize the factors (methanol concentration, extraction temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio) of the UAE of kinsenoside compound from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.)…”