The optimization of biodiesel production by using response surface methodology and its effect on compression ignition engine

Abuhabaya, Abdullah; Fieldhouse, John D.; Brown, R. C.

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.03.025

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In this run the temperature is the significant factor that affects the conversion values even though the alcohol to oil molar ratio and catalyst amount are sufficient. Similar observation has been reported by other researchers work [7,8]. The sequential model sum of squares [Type 1] suggested a mean vs total and quadratic model vs 2FI for further model development as shown in Table 7.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Response to “Comment on study of fuel properties of rubber seed oil based biodiesel” [Energy Convers. Manage. 2014;78:266–275] by Ahmad et al.

Yusup

2014

Energy Conversion and Management

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Response to “Comment on study of fuel properties of rubber seed oil based biodiesel” [Energy Convers. Manage. 2014;78:266–275] by Ahmad et al.

Yusup

2014

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…On the other hand, catalyst and methanol concentrations have been the most influencing factors in transesterification, and their effects are related each other [8,33,34]. Therefore, these variables for the first and second stages were considered in the experimental design.…”

Section: Reaction Conditions and Variables Of The Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The central conditions of the design produced biodiesel with average ester content of 93.0%. The results were analyzed through multiple regressions, testing various models such as linear, two-factor interaction, three-factor interaction, two and three factor interaction, cubic, quadratic, and cubic plus quadratic models, with the quadratic one best fitting real data as was seen for the transesterification reaction in previous works [8,33,35]. Equation (1) shows the estimated response model equation for methyl ester content of biodiesel (related to original factors).…”

Section: Regression Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production from Castor oil by Two-Step Catalytic Transesterification: Optimization of the Process and Economic Assessment

et al. 2019

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The use of biodiesel and the requirement of improving its production in a more efficient and sustainable way are becoming more and more important. In this research work, castor oil was demonstrated to be an alternative feedstock for obtaining biodiesel. The production of biodiesel was optimized by the use of a two-step process. In this process, methanol and KOH (as a catalyst) were added in each step, and the glycerol produced during the first stage was removed before the second reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized, considering catalyst concentration and methanol/oil molar ratio for both steps. A mathematical model was obtained to predict the final ester content of the biodiesel. Optimal conditions (0.08 mol·L −1 and 0.01 mol·L −1 as catalyst concentration, 5.25:1 and 3:1 as methanol/oil molar ratio for first and second step, respectively) were established, taking into account the biodiesel quality and an economic analysis. This type of process allowed cost saving, since the amounts of methanol and catalyst were significantly reduced. An estimation of the final manufacturing cost of biodiesel production was carried out.Biodiesel production from castor oil was studied in mixtures with soybean oil. Nevertheless, nonsignificant substrate preference was observed [9]. On the other hand, the use of co-solvents was an additional method for improving castor oil biodiesel yield [10]. In this case, hexane was used as a co-solvent and biodiesel yield was not significantly affected by the presence of this compound. A high alcohol/oil molar ratio, 20:1, was also necessary. The transesterification of castor oil using methanol was done with ultrasound; the highest ester content was 93.3% [11]. Solid catalysis was also tested in castor oil transesterification [12]. The catalyst was composed of Ag salts and 29:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 60 • C, and a reaction time of 3 h were necessary to reach 90% biodiesel yield. As seen in previous works, the effort to enhance the results of the conventional method did not lead to completely satisfactory conclusions. The highest ester content, 97%, was obtained with homogeneous basic catalysis and conventional heating. However, 18.8:1 methanol/oil molar ratio was necessary [8].The transesterification is a reversible reaction. When enough catalyst is present in the reaction medium, chemical equilibrium is reached. Methanol is usually added in higher ratios than the stoichiometric ratio (3:1) in order to shift the equilibrium position of the reaction towards the product side. However, this fact strongly increases the final cost of the process due to the fact that methanol expenses are higher. Therefore, the optimization of the process is vital to reduce environmental impacts and costs [13]. In this research work, a process with two steps was proposed to obtain castor oil biodiesel with high methyl ester content and decrease costs. In this way, two reactions were carried out and, before the second one, the glycerol produced in the first reaction was removed. The removal of this produ...

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“…Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) is becoming an established approach in recent years to simulate different problems in many areas of engineering [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. This technique was first proposed by Kansa [11], after the work of Hardy [12] on multivariate approximation.…”

Section: Radial Basis Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Internal Combustion Engines Performance Related to Fuel Properties Using Radial Basis Functions

Carvalho¹,

Machado²,

Colaço³

2014

Anais Do XXII Simpósio Internacional De Engenharia Automotiva

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Accurate simulation of fuel properties influence in internal combustion engines performance is a very complex approach and combines many physical and chemical concepts such as combustion phenomena, chemical kinetics, fluid dynamics, turbulence and thermodynamics. The right modelling of that is still a challenge and currently available software packages for engines simulation usually consider standard or surrogate fuels. Besides that, new engine technologies, including those for sport motor application, can achieve better performances if custom fuels are formulated and applied. This development usually requires a large number of tests with different fuels, which leads to very expensive researches. Therefore, simulation is an option to reduce the number of tests and the associated costs. This paper presents the use of a response surface approach based on Radial Basis Functions to simulate a flexible fuel engine running with distinct blends of iso-octane, n-heptane, toluene and ethanol. Performance, energetic efficiency and pollutant emissions are predicted in different operating conditions.

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The optimization of biodiesel production by using response surface methodology and its effect on compression ignition engine

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Response to “Comment on study of fuel properties of rubber seed oil based biodiesel” [Energy Convers. Manage. 2014;78:266–275] by Ahmad et al.

Response to “Comment on study of fuel properties of rubber seed oil based biodiesel” [Energy Convers. Manage. 2014;78:266–275] by Ahmad et al.

Biodiesel Production from Castor oil by Two-Step Catalytic Transesterification: Optimization of the Process and Economic Assessment

Prediction of Internal Combustion Engines Performance Related to Fuel Properties Using Radial Basis Functions

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