The optimal feeding frequency for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in pond and in-pond-raceway

Effects of Feeding Strategies on Growth Performance of F1 Gulf Coast Striped Bass Strains in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems

“…2019; Liu et al. 2022). In some species, restricted feeding days did not diminish growth compared to daily feeding, especially during the colder winter months (Schnaittacher et al.…”

“…Many of these studies found improved growth with multiple feedings per day (Liu and Liao 1999;Biswas et al 2010;Tian et al 2015), whereas in other studies growth was similar with either one or multiple daily feedings (Busti et al 2020). In larger juveniles, different feeding regimes that involved skipping one or more feeding days per week were examined for their effects on feed intake and growth variables (Gilannejad et al 2019;Liu et al 2022). In some species, restricted feeding days did not diminish growth compared to daily feeding, especially during the colder winter months (Schnaittacher et al 2005).…”

Dried porcine soluble benefits to increase fish meal replacement with soy protein concentrate in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea diet

“…Feed intake, growth (weight gain), FCR, retention efficiencies of nutrients (carbon: CRE; nitrogen: NRE; phosphorus: PRE) and energy (ERE), condition factor, hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), body composition, ratio of fish meal consumption to fish production (RCP), and environmental impact (waste outputs of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus) were calculated with the equations described in Liu et al (2022). Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to examine effects of the dietary fish meal replacement level, DPS supplementation level and their interaction on feed intake, growth, FCR, nutrient and energy retention efficiencies, condition factor, HSI, VSI, body composition, activities of AST, ALT and ALP in serum, contents of TG and TC in serum, antioxidant capacity (activities of SOD, GSH‐Px and CAT, and MDA content) in serum and liver, feed cost, RCP, as well as waste outputs.…”

“…To identify the diet with a minimum dietary fish meal level and fast fish growth, one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were performed to examine the differences between fish fed BD, F24, F16, FD24 and FD16. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed to compare the production performance of fish fed the test diets with weight gain, FCR and nitrogen waste as the parameters (Liu et al, 2022). The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 25.0, SPSS, Chicago, USA), and the significant level was set as p < 0.05.…”

“…At the end of the experiment, fish were deprived of feed for 24 h. Seven fish were captured from each experimental pen and immediately anesthetized in a tank containing 20 L seawater and eugenol (60 mg/L). Samples of serum and liver were collected from four fish as described in Liu et al (2022), and were preserved in liquid nitrogen (body weight of the fish was measured after the sample collection). Body weight, body length, liver weight, and viscera weight of the other fish were measured individually, and the fish were preserved at À20 C for analysis of whole body composition.…”