1996
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15063.x
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The optimal dose of ketamine for caudal epidural blockade in children

Abstract: Summary Sixty boys aged up to 9 years undergoing orchidopexy were randomly allocated to receive one of three solutions for caudal epidural injection: group A received 1 ml. kg−1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with 0.25 mg. kg−1of preservative‐free ketamine, group B received 1 ml. kg−1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with ketamine 0.5mg. kg−1 and group C received 1 ml. kg−1 of 0.25% bupivacaine with 1 mg. kg−1 of ketamine. Postoperative pain was assessed by means of a modified Objective Pain Score and analgesia was administered if … Show more

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Cited by 100 publications
(96 citation statements)
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“…U ovim studijama je korišćen racemski oblik ketamina u dozi od 50 mg u 20 ml 0,125% bupivakaina [11][12][13] . Semple i saradnici su prikazali da epiduralno primenjen ketamin pokazuje dozno zavistan efekat, ali sa napomenom da veća doza povećava incidence komplikacija u formi promena ponašanja 14 . Korišćenje levogire forme može da snizi incidencu neželjenih efekata.…”
Section: Ketaminunclassified
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…U ovim studijama je korišćen racemski oblik ketamina u dozi od 50 mg u 20 ml 0,125% bupivakaina [11][12][13] . Semple i saradnici su prikazali da epiduralno primenjen ketamin pokazuje dozno zavistan efekat, ali sa napomenom da veća doza povećava incidence komplikacija u formi promena ponašanja 14 . Korišćenje levogire forme može da snizi incidencu neželjenih efekata.…”
Section: Ketaminunclassified
“…Najzastupljenije su publikacije koje opisuju intravensku primenu ketamina u abdominalnoj hirurgiji [11][12][13][14] . Kako u populaciji odraslih, ketamin se može sa velikim uspehom primenjivati i u pedijatrijskoj populaciji uz manji rizik za nastanak ekscitatornih fenomena 15 .…”
Section: Ketaminunclassified
“…Após injeção, a cetamina é rapidamente absorvida do espaço peridural para a circulação sistêmica com biodisponibilidade de 77% ± 22%. Por via peridural sacral, a cetamina racêmica promoveu analgesia pós-operatória adequada em crianças submetidas a orquipexia 60 ou herniorrafia inguinal 127 . Quando administrada isolada por via peridural lombar em adultos, a cetamina não promoveu analgesia pós-operatória efetiva 28,128 , a menos que usada em dose elevada 129 .…”
Section: Estudos Clínicosunclassified
“…At this site, there are two binding points for ketamine: one within the receptor channel (which will decrease channel opening time) and the other in the receptor's hydrophobic portion (which will decrease channel opening frequency) 28,42,57,58 . Ketamine dose is considered low when below 2 mg.kg -1 in muscular bolus, below 1 mg.kg -1 in intravenous or epidural bolus, and £ 20 µg.kg -1 .min -1 in continuous infusion 22,28,39,[59][60][61][62] . Repetitive amyelic C fibers activity triggers central sensitization, characterized by increased spontaneous neuronal activation, decreased threshold or increased responsiveness to afferent impulses, prolonged discharges after repeated stimulations and peripheral receptive fields expansion of dorsal horn neurons 63,64 .…”
Section: Ketamine and Central Sensitizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Poxstoperative analgesia may be prolonged by a continuous infusion of local anesthetic or, potentially, by using additives. In the European Union, S (+)-ketamine and clonidine are now widely used as caudal additives, and evidence to support their use is available (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), particularly when used with racemic bupivacaine (4, 5, 7-10).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%