The optimal combination of standard metabolic rate and aerobic scope for somatic growth depends on food availability

Auer, Sonya K.; Salin, Karine; Rudolf, Agata M.; Anderson, Graeme J.; Metcalfe, Neil B.

doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12396

Cited by 105 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In order to standardize their nutritional state, fish were transferred to individual compartments where they were fed twice daily on individual rations for the next 9 wk, except for the 48 h preceding both the metabolic rates and the mitochondrial measurement, when no food was provided as described for these same individuals in Auer et al (2015c). Rations were calculated based on body size and derived from equations that permitted growth but at a submaximal rate (Elliott 1976).…”

Section: Fish Origin and Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 8 wk on these standardized rations, we measured their SMR and MMR using protocols described in Auer et al (2015c). Briefly, SMR was measured using continuous flow-through respirometry techniques whereby oxygen consumption rates of fish within individual chambers were measured over a 20-h period.…”

Section: Whole-organism Oxygen Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, AS may have a significant impact on fitness but displays significant intraspecific variation (Farrell et al 2008;Sandblom et al 2014;Auer et al 2015aAuer et al , 2015c; but see Norin et al 2014). Both minimum and maximum metabolic rate are responsible for intraspecific variation in AS since they exhibit consistent differences among individuals over extended periods of time, even within a population under standardized conditions Burton et al 2011;Swanson et al 2012;Careau et al 2014aCareau et al , 2014bGifford et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both minimum and maximum metabolic rate are responsible for intraspecific variation in AS since they exhibit consistent differences among individuals over extended periods of time, even within a population under standardized conditions Burton et al 2011;Swanson et al 2012;Careau et al 2014aCareau et al , 2014bGifford et al 2014). In turn, the use of a single metric such as AS conceals a great deal of variation, since individuals with the same AS can have markedly different absolute levels of minimum and maximum metabolic rate (Auer et al 2015c). Because natural selection works on AS variation between individuals within a population, it is of special interest to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind variation in minimum and maximal metabolic rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, (iii) if metabolic traits are not correlated, we predict that tissues and/or mitochondrial properties differ in how they influence SMR and MMR. We chose brown trout as our study organism because they are known to exhibit consistent differences in SMR and MMR among individuals of the same age maintained under standardized conditions (Norin and Malte 2011;Auer et al 2015b). We analyzed mitochondrial properties in the liver and the white muscle, as these tissues account for a large proportion of an individual's overall metabolic rate by virtue of their mass-specific oxygen consumption and relative mass, respectively (Porter and Brand 1995;Coen et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in Metabolic Rate among Individuals Is Related to Tissue-Specific Differences in Mitochondrial Leak Respiration

Salin

Auer

Rudolf

et al. 2016

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) typically vary two-or threefold among conspecifics, with both traits assumed to significantly impact fitness. However, the underlying mechanisms that determine such intraspecific variation are not well understood. We examined the influence of mitochondrial properties on intraspecific variation in SMR and MMR and hypothesized that if SMR supports the cost of maintaining the metabolic machinery required for MMR, then the mitochondrial properties underlying these traits should be shared. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity (leak and phosphorylating respiration) and mitochondrial content (cytochrome c oxidase activity) were determined in the liver and white muscle of brown trout Salmo trutta of similar age and maintenance conditions. SMR and MMR were uncorrelated across individuals and were not associated with the same mitochondrial properties, suggesting that they are under the control of separate physiological processes. Moreover, tissue-specific relationships between mitochondrial properties and whole-organism metabolic traits were observed. Specifically, SMR was positively associated with leak respiration in liver mitochondria, while MMR was positively associated with muscle mitochondrial leak respiration and mitochondrial content. These results suggest that a high SMR or MMR, rather than signaling a higher ability for respiration-driven ATP synthesis, may actually reflect greater dissipation of energy, driven by proton leak across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Knowledge of these links should aid interpretation of the potential fitness consequences of such variation in metabolism, given the importance of mitochondria in the utilization of resources and their allocation to performance.

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Section: Fish Origin and Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Whole-organism Oxygen Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in Metabolic Rate among Individuals Is Related to Tissue-Specific Differences in Mitochondrial Leak Respiration

Salin

Auer

Rudolf

et al. 2016

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Behavioural and metabolic responses of Unionida mussels to stress

Curley

Thomas

Adams

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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1. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which the behavioural traits of freshwater mussels provide suitable indicators of stress in individuals, towards the advancement of non-invasive, remote monitoring techniques to examine population condition.2. Variation in the expression of particular behavioural metrics was examined in accordance with measurements of oxygen consumption, across environmental stressors (aerial exposure and high concentrations of total suspended solids), and between two freshwater mussel species (Margaritifera margaritifera and Anodonta anatina)3. Aerobic metabolic rate was quantified using intermittent respirometry, and behaviour was observed using time-lapse footage. Comparisons of metabolic response and the occurrence of behavioural traits, across the two stressors, focused on differences between the 24 h pre-exposure period (pre-exposure), the first 3 h of post-exposure (immediate post-exposure), and the time following the initial 3 h of post-exposure until the end of the experimental run (extended postexposure).4. The results of this study demonstrated a relationship between the frequency of occurrence of behavioural responses to stress exposure, associated with valve activity, and significant changes in the metabolic functioning of A. anatina and M. margaritifera mussels. The findings from the study also highlighted substantial intraspecific variation across species and stressors.

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Can variation in standard metabolic rate explain context‐dependent performance of farmed Atlantic salmon offspring?

Robertsen

Reid

Einum

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Escaped farmed Atlantic salmon interbreed with wild Atlantic salmon, leaving offspring that often have lower success in nature than pure wild salmon. On top of this, presence of farmed salmon descendants can impair production of wild‐type recruits. We hypothesize that both these effects connect with farmed salmon having acquired higher standard metabolic rates (SMR, the energetic cost of self‐maintenance) during domestication. Fitness‐related advantages of phenotypic traits associated with both high SMR and farmed salmon (e.g., social dominance) depend on environmental conditions, such as food availability. We hypothesize that farmed offspring have an advantage at high food availability due to, for example, dominance behavior but suffer increased risks of starvation when food is scarce because this behavior is energy‐demanding. To test these hypotheses, we first compare embryo SMR of pure farmed, farmed‐wild hybrids and pure wild offspring. Next, we test early‐life performance (in terms of survival and growth) of hybrids relative to that of their wild half‐siblings, as well as their competitive abilities, in semi‐natural conditions of high and low food availability. Finally, we test how SMR affects early‐life performance at high and low food availability. We find inconclusive support for the hypothesis that domestication has induced increased SMR. Further, wild and hybrid juveniles had similar survival and growth in the semi‐natural streams. Yet, the presence of hybrids led to decreased survival of their wild half‐siblings. Contrary to our hypothesis about context‐dependency, these effects were not modified by food availability. However, wild juveniles with high SMR had decreased survival when food was scarce, but there was no such effect at high food availability. This study provides further proof that farmed salmon introgression may compromise the viability of wild salmon populations. We cannot, however, conclude that this is connected to alterations in the metabolic phenotype of farmed salmon.

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The optimal combination of standard metabolic rate and aerobic scope for somatic growth depends on food availability

Cited by 105 publications

References 58 publications

Variation in Metabolic Rate among Individuals Is Related to Tissue-Specific Differences in Mitochondrial Leak Respiration

Variation in Metabolic Rate among Individuals Is Related to Tissue-Specific Differences in Mitochondrial Leak Respiration

Behavioural and metabolic responses of Unionida mussels to stress

Can variation in standard metabolic rate explain context‐dependent performance of farmed Atlantic salmon offspring?

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