The Optimal Breeding Seasons for Awassi Ewes in Saudi Arabia’s Central Region

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the most suitable breeding seasons for Awassi ewes in the central region of Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, two experiments were conducted. The first experiment measured and counted luteal and follicular structures in the different breeding seasons of the year. The second experiment focused on collecting reproduction data such as lambing, twining, and lamb mortality rates. The data obtained was then analyzed. The results revealed that the number of corpora lutea was greater in autumn and summer than in winter and spring (P<0.05). Ewes had more small, medium, and large follicles in summer than in other seasons (P<0.05). Lambing rates were significantly higher in summer and autumn-mated ewes than in winter and spring-mated ewes (P<0.05). Twining rates in autumn-mated ewes were greater than in other seasons (P<0.05). Lambing rates were higher on farms that used one breeding season per year than on farms that used two breeding seasons per year (P<0.05). Lamb mortality rates did not differ between seasons. In conclusion, summer and autumn provide the optimal environmental conditions for successful mating for Awassi ewes in the Saudi Arabian central region. With this knowledge, farmers in the region can plan and ensure maximum productivity.