The opposite effects of nandrolone decanoate and exercise on anxiety levels in rats may involve alterations in hippocampal parvalbumin–positive interneurons

Selaković, Dragica; Joksimović, Jovana; Zaletel, Ivan; Puškaš, Nela; Matović, Milovan; Rosić, Gvozden

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189595

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, Selakovic and colleagues suggested the possibility that alterations in hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons (i.e., GABAergic system) may be involved in anxiousness induced by ND abuse [ 99 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Androgens play a significant role in the development of male reproductive organs. The clinical use of synthetic testosterone derivatives, such as nandrolone, is focused on maximizing the anabolic effects and minimizing the androgenic ones. Class II anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including nandrolone, are rapidly becoming a widespread group of drugs used both clinically and illicitly. The illicit use of AAS is diffused among adolescent and bodybuilders because of their anabolic proprieties and their capacity to increase tolerance to exercise. This systematic review aims to focus on side effects related to illicit AAS abuse, evaluating the scientific literature in order to underline the most frequent side effects on AAS abusers’ bodies. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed using the PubMed database and the keywords “nandrolone decanoate”. The inclusion criteria for articles or abstracts were English language and the presence of the following words: “abuse” or “adverse effects”. After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, from a total of 766 articles, only 148 were considered eligible for the study. Results: The most reported adverse effects (found in more than 5% of the studies) were endocrine effects (18 studies, 42%), such as virilization, gynecomastia, hormonal disorders, dyslipidemia, genital alterations, and infertility; cardiovascular dysfunctions (six studies, 14%) such as vascular damage, coagulation disorders, and arteriosus hypertension; skin disorders (five studies, 12%) such as pricking, acne, and skin spots; psychiatric and mood disorders (four studies, 9%) such as aggressiveness, sleep disorders and anxiety; musculoskeletal disorders (two studies, 5%), excretory disorders (two studies, 5%), and gastrointestinal disorders (two studies, 5%). Conclusions: Based on the result of our study, the most common adverse effects secondary to the abuse of nandrolone decanoate (ND) involve the endocrine, cardiovascular, skin, and psychiatric systems. These data could prove useful to healthcare professionals in both sports and clinical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

et al. 2020

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“…Besides, it contributes to the regulation of emotion and aggressivity. Studies demonstrate a role of anabolic steroids in serotonin modulation, resulting in a reduction of 5HT1B receptors density and alterations in the GABAergic hippocampal system [40,41]. Since AAS can cause a decrease in the receptors and change essential systems, it is believed that high doses, chronically administered can lead to cell death in Ca1 and not only receptors loss [42,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice

Silva¹

2018

AJSS

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This study analyzed the effects of the chronic use of these drugs on the neuronal density of mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Materials and methods: 40 male Swiss mice were used, divided into 4 groups (n=10): GI-Control (0,02ml/Kg/week of saline solution), GII-treated with anabolic steroid Durateston® (83,3mg/Kg/week) GIII-treated with anabolic steroid Deca Durabolin® (16,6mg/Kg/week) e GIV-treated with the two anabolic steroids, concomitantly. The mice were treated for sixty days (60) and practiced swimming three times a week. The brain fragments were processed following the standardized sequence in conventional histological procedures and stained using cresyl violet. For the neuronal density analysis, the simple random count methodology was used. Results: Data revealed a significant reduction in the neuronal density of the groups treated with anabolic steroids, the limbic area had an estimated decrease of 16.44% in group III and 29.21% in group IV; the motor area the groups II, III, and IV presented a reduction of 17.63%, 15.35%, and 12.23%, and in the sensory area 15.22%, 16.41% and 21.59%, respectively; the groups II, III, and IV of the Ca1 area of the hippocampus showed a neuronal loss of 23.5%, 27.8%, and 36.36%, while groups II, III and IV of the Ca2 area there was a reduction of 10.37%, 11.83%, and 16.34%. In conclusion, the chronic use of AAS can be harmful to the nervous system since the neuronal reduction can bring structural and functional damages with possible consequences the whole organism.

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“…There is evidence that the use of synthetic androgens reduce the threshold for emotional reactivity, motor response, alertness to sensory stimuli, and disrupt inhibitory control over some behaviors (Selakovic et al, 2017;Hildebrandt et al, 2018;Tobiansky et al, 2018). These alterations result from a change in basic neurocircuits that amplify limbic activation and reduce cortical control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic steroids and their effects of on neuronal density in cortical areas and hippocampus of mice

et al. 2021

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Anabolic substances have been increasingly used by bodybuilders and athletes with the goal of improving performance and aesthetics. However, this practice has caused some concern to physicians and researchers because of unknowledge of consequences that the indiscriminate and illicit use of these substances can cause. Thus, this study analyzed the effects of two commercially available anabolic steroids (AS), Winstrol Depot® (Stanozolol) and Deposteron® (Testosterone Cypionate), in the neuronal density of limbic, motor and sensory regions on the cerebral cortex and in CA1, CA2, CA3 regions of the hippocampus. A total of 60 Swiss mice were used (30 males and 30 females), separated into three groups: control and two experimental groups, which received the AAS. From each brain, homotypic and semi-serial samples were taken in frontal sections from areas established for the study. The results showed that females treated with testosterone cypionate presented a reduction in all regions tested and the ones treated with Stanozolol showed a decrease in some hippocampal areas. Regarding male animals, stanozolol led to a decrease in neuron number in one hippocampal region. These data allow us to conclude that supra-physiological doses of steroids used in this study, can cause considerable damage to nervous tissue with ultrastructural and consequently behavioral impairment. These changes could interfere with the loss of physical yield and performance of athletes and non-athletes and may cause irreparable damage to individuals making irresponsible use of anabolic steroids.

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The opposite effects of nandrolone decanoate and exercise on anxiety levels in rats may involve alterations in hippocampal parvalbumin–positive interneurons

Cited by 29 publications

References 68 publications

Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice

Anabolic steroids and their effects of on neuronal density in cortical areas and hippocampus of mice

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