Objectives: To explore percentages of population treated with prescribed opioids and costs of opioid-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits among individuals treated with prescription opioids and costs of all opioid-related hospitalizations and ED visits in the province (i.e., provincial costs) before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada.
Methods: In administrative data, we identified individuals treated with prescription opioids and opioid-related hospitalizations and ED visits among those individuals and among all individuals in the province between 2015/16 and 2021/22 fiscal years. Services used were counted on an item-by-item basis and costed using case-mix approaches.
Results: Annually, 9.98% (2020/21-2021/22) - 14.52% (2017/18) of the provincial population were treated with prescription opioids. Between 2015/16 and 2021/22, annual costs of opioid-related hospitalizations and ED visits among individuals treated with prescription opioids were ~$5 and ~$2 million, respectively. In 2020/21-2021/22, the provincial costs of opioid-related hospitalizations (~$14 million) and ED visits (~$7.0 million) were almost twice the costs observed in 2015/16 and immediately before the pandemic (2019/20).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increases in the opioid-related utilization of inpatient and ED services between 2015/16 and 2021/22, including the drastic increases observed during the Covid-19 pandemic, were likely driven by unregulated substances.