The open eco-innovation mode. An empirical investigation of eleven European countries

Born to be green: new insights into the economics and management of green entrepreneurship

“…Evidently, these studies contained here may have only scratched the surface of the problem and future work should try to dig deeper into this. Such an approach will not only make the field more robust, it will also open up new opportunities for research in fields from these disciplines (e.g., exploration of open innovation opportunities for green start-ups such as in De Marchi 2012; Ghisetti et al 2015).…”

Linking forms of inbound open innovation to a driver-based typology of environmental innovation: Evidence from French manufacturing firms

“…According to the CIS data from Germany and France, EI requires broad external knowledge searches (Horbach et al, 2012(Horbach et al, , 2013, but overly broad search can have negative effects (Ghisetti et al, 2015).…”

“…Regarding the impact of external technology search strategies on EI (Ghisetti et al, 2015), we consider the breadth of knowledge sources as a control variable, spanning three external sources of information to control for the scope of other knowledge sources: (1) market sourcing, or information from suppliers, clients, competitors, consultants, commercial labs, private R&D institutes, and other firms in the sector; (2) institutional sourcing, including that from universities, other higher education institutions, and government and public research institutes; and (3) other sources, such as patents, databases, trade literature, or fairs. We assign a value of 1 for each source if that source is crucial 5 to the focal firm's innovation activities, and 0 otherwise.…”

“…Although firms are developing and adopting more EI, empirical studies generally either do not distinguish different types of EI (e.g., De Marchi, 2012;Jaffe and Palmer, 1997;Kammerer, 2009), or simply classify EI according to their technical outcomes (e.g., reduced material uses, CO 2 emission, energy consumption, water, soil, noise) (e.g., Ghisetti et al, 2015;Horbach et al, 2012;Wagner, 2008). Findings obtained with these approaches can be useful to some extent, but they overlook firms' motivations to engage in EI, which have a different locus of value capture.…”

“…For example, with an inbound approach, firms access external technology sources for their innovation (Dahlander and Gann, 2010;Enkel et al, 2009), which can be particularly beneficial for EI (Ghisetti et al, 2015;Horbach et al, 2012). A firm's access to external technologies often takes different forms, such as an ad hoc acquisition of external knowledge through licensing, external R&D, or formalized R&D cooperation agreements.…”