The Open Cell Form of 3D-Printed Titanium Improves Osteconductive Properties and Adhesion Behavior of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Abstract

Titanium specimens have been proven to be safe and effective biomaterials in terms of their osseo-integration. To improve the bioactivity and develop customized implants titanium, the surface can be modified with selective laser melting (SLM). Moreover, the design of macro-porous structures has become popular for reaching a durable bone fixation. 3D-printed titanium (Titanium A, B, and C), were cleaned using an organic acid treatment or with electrochemical polishing, and were characterized in terms of their surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Next, Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) were cultured on titanium in order to analyze their biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and osteoconductive properties. All tested specimens were biocompatible, due to the time-dependent increase of DPSC proliferation paralleled by the decrease of LDH released. Furthermore, data highlighted that the open cell form with interconnected pores of titanium A, resembling the inner structure of the native bone, allows cells to better adhere inside the specimen, being proteins related to cell adherence highly expressed. Likewise, titanium A displays more suitable osteoconductive properties, being the profile of osteogenic markers improved compared to titanium B and C. The present work has demonstrated that the inner design and post-production treatments on titanium surfaces have a dynamic influence on DPSC behavior toward adhesion and osteogenic commitment.

Natural and Synthetic Xanthone Derivatives Counteract Oxidative Stress via Nrf2 Modulation in Inflamed Human Macrophages

“…The assay quantitatively measures LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), a stable cytosolic enzyme that is released upon cell lysis. Supernatants from 96 well plates used for the MTT assay (50 µL) were analyzed as reported previously [ 52 ], and the obtained optical densities were normalized with the ones related to MTT for each sample. The data are the fold increase in the pure UC set as 1.…”

A Novel 3D Titanium Surface Produced by Selective Laser Sintering to Counteract Streptococcus oralis Biofilm Formation

“…A total of 108 discs were analyzed, compared in this study, and divided in three different groups, characterized by different chemical compositions, superficial topographies, and manufacturing processes: ) and produced by a selective laser melting (SLM) machine (RenAM 500Q-Renishaw, Wotton-under-Edge, United Kingdom). The building parameters were a laser power of 200 W with a speed of 0.9 m/s, as previously described [20].…”

“…The discs were sonicated 5 min in distilled water at 25 • C, immersed in NaOH (20 g/L) and hydrogen peroxide (20 g/L) at 80 • C for 30 min, and further sonicated 5 min in distilled water. Then, the discs were subjected to further cleaning in a mixture of 50% oxalic acid and 50% maleic acid at 80 • C for 45 min and washed for 5 min in distilled water in a sonic bath, as previously reported [20,21].…”

Graphene-Oxide-Enriched Biomaterials: A Focus on Osteo and Chondroinductive Properties and Immunomodulation

“…FAs are specialized sites within the cell where clustered integrin receptors interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) on the outside of cells and with the actin cytoskeleton on the inside, thus acting as transducers of mechanic stimuli, a process known as mechanotransduction [ 58 ]. It is broadly known that mechanical forces play a significant role in regulating the fate of MSCs, and it has been shown that controlling mechanical stimuli can in turn control MSC lineage specification [ 59 ], mainly in the presence of materials used as bone grafts [ 60 ]. It has been demonstrated that, in the presence of GO-enriched materials, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based cryogel scaffolds, improved cell attachment and biocompatibility are mediated by FAK signaling activation [ 61 ].…”