“…. if practical reason cannot be said to be rational simply because it represents the highest stage of cognitive development, as little can it be claimed that complexity guarantees the social evolution of practical reason'' Strydom [21]. 18 To be fair to Habermas, Habermas does present us the glimpses of a higher self which is much more than an ego.…”
Section: Socio-cultural Evolution: Overcoming the Dualism Between Ontmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is the outstanding legacy of the legend and myth of Bodhisattva. 21 We need to be part of a ''memory work'' of bringing to our life the life and struggles of Buddha, the myth of Bodhisattva as well as many myths around the world about evolutionary struggles and aspirations. These myths can speak ''to us today of other stories; stories they are not just before history, but that contain some possibilities that could be and never were, and infinite possibilities that are still waiting to be created in our present and in our future'' ( [2], p. 257).…”
Section: Beyond West and East: Spiritual Evolution Of Humanity And Thmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…to show the generative power of complementary opposites'' [2]. 21 Here we need to understand the difference between two strands of Buddhism, Hinayana and Mahayana. ''The ethical ideal of Hinayana was that of a personal salvation, egoistic and private.…”
“…. if practical reason cannot be said to be rational simply because it represents the highest stage of cognitive development, as little can it be claimed that complexity guarantees the social evolution of practical reason'' Strydom [21]. 18 To be fair to Habermas, Habermas does present us the glimpses of a higher self which is much more than an ego.…”
Section: Socio-cultural Evolution: Overcoming the Dualism Between Ontmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is the outstanding legacy of the legend and myth of Bodhisattva. 21 We need to be part of a ''memory work'' of bringing to our life the life and struggles of Buddha, the myth of Bodhisattva as well as many myths around the world about evolutionary struggles and aspirations. These myths can speak ''to us today of other stories; stories they are not just before history, but that contain some possibilities that could be and never were, and infinite possibilities that are still waiting to be created in our present and in our future'' ( [2], p. 257).…”
Section: Beyond West and East: Spiritual Evolution Of Humanity And Thmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…to show the generative power of complementary opposites'' [2]. 21 Here we need to understand the difference between two strands of Buddhism, Hinayana and Mahayana. ''The ethical ideal of Hinayana was that of a personal salvation, egoistic and private.…”
“…Calhoun 1995, pp. 75, 205-12;Strydom 1987Strydom , 1992. For Habermas, social movements "get their thrust-power from threats to well-defined collective identities" (1987b, p. 365).…”
Section: The Politics Of Identity and New Social Movementsmentioning
While Habermas's theory of communicative action is deeply critical of all kinds of ethnocentrism, proposing a discursive concept of universal morality which transcends culture, a residual Eurocentrism still pervades it. Habermas's theory rests on a notion of modernity which is tied to Occidental rationalism, and when viewed in the global context or in the context of deeply divided societies it is problematic. The theory fails to grasp that universal morality can be articulated in more than one cultural form and in more than one logic of development. However, his theory can be defended against its Eurocentric bias if it shifts its emphasis from a de-contexualized and transcendental critique of communication rooted in Occidental rationalism to a cosmopolitan model of contemporary cultural transformation. Crucial to that task is a weaker notion of rationality which recognizes that the problem of universality is also a cognitive cultural problem and not just a normative one. Bringing culture and identity to the foreground will involve making room for a level of discourse focused less on consensual agreement than on cultural understanding.
“…Habermas' 'reconstruction' by other conceptual distinctions, especially by that between the logic of development and the dynamics of development.Similarly, hisapproach to production in the systems theory terms of increasing complexity was heavily influenced by the development of technocracy (HABERMAS, 1976;LUHMANN, 1982;1992). Yet, it leads to a substantial regression compared to…”
There are few attempts to reformulate the historical perspective of classical sociological theory comparable to that of Jürgen Habermas’ reconstruction of historical materialism. Habermas considered historical materialism to be principally a theory of social evolution and he sought to revise its conception of historical development. In Habermas’ opinion, the logic of the development of normative structures, social identities and cultural understandings differs from that of material production and the organizational complexity of social systems. My analysis reveals how the major innovation of Habermas’ reconstruction of historical materialism is the ensuing conceptualizations of the social relations of production as forms of social integration and the function of systematically distorted communication in their historical institution. Despite the significant implications of this supplementation of the paradigm of production with a theory of communication, Habermas’ reconstruction of historical materialism is shown to be limited by its inflexible logic of development and disengagement from the conflicts internal to processes of material production. It is proposed that the historical perspective of other strands of contemporary social theory may rectify these limitations through their concern with social creativity, institutional variations and the dialectics of social struggle.
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