The Onset of Heat after Weaning, Heat Duration, and Ovulation as Major Factors in AI Timing in Sows

Weitze, K. F.; Wagner‐Rietschel, H.; Waberski, Dagmar; Richter, Linda; Krieter, Joachim

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1994.tb00590.x

Cited by 101 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The differences were related to the differences in the way of computing the beginning of oestrus and timing of ovulation between the different studies. Ovulation occurred around the last third of oestrus; this was similar to that reported in several studies [15,34]. However, this relationship was too variable (R 2 = 0.5) to be used to determine the timing of ovulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…With the progesterone method, the timing of ovulation was estimated for all females (n = 198) of experiment B which were included in the study. The average ovulation interval (48 h) from the beginning of oestrus, was close to that observed by Weitze et al [34], by Soede et al [27] and by Mburu et al [15]. The differences were related to the differences in the way of computing the beginning of oestrus and timing of ovulation between the different studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…This method offers several advantages, but it requires trained staff, good conditions for the examination [13] and does not provide the time of ovulation for all animals [17,34]. For endocrine parameters such as progesterone and LH levels only blood samples which are easy to collect in field trials, are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between peri-oestrus progesterone levels and time of ovulation by echography in pigs and influence of the interval between ovulation and artificial insemination (AI) on litter size

Terqui¹,

Guillouet²,

Maurel³

et al. 2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-Two methods for the determination of ovulation were compared to one ultrasonography performed 5 times a day. Time of ovulation by echography was 40 ± 5.8 h (mean ± SD) after the onset of oestrus. Preovulatory LH rise (two blood samples per day) began near the onset of oestrus but, in our conditions, this parameter could not be used to predict ovulation. The basal level of progesterone (two blood samples per day) was determined with a non-linear model, the timing when progesterone rose more than one SD (0.3 ng . mL -1 ) coincided with the timing of ovulation determined by echography (R 2 = 0.98). This method was efficient and was used in a field trial to measure the consequences of the variability of the interval between AI and ovulation on litter size. The interval between AI and ovulation had an effect on litter size; litter size decreased by one piglet when this interval increased by 10 h. pig / progesterone / echography / ovulation / prolificacy Résumé -Chez la truie, relation entre la progestéronémie et le moment d'ovulation déterminé par échographie et incidence sur la taille de la portée de l'intervalle entre l'ovulation et l'insé-mination artificielle (IA). Deux méthodes de détermination de l'ovulation sont comparées à celle fondée sur 5 échographies par jour. Le moment d'ovulation par échographie est de 40 ± 5,8 h (moyenne ± sd) après le début de l'oestrus. Les concentrations plasmatiques de LH (mesurées 2 fois par jour) augmentent dès le début de l'oestrus mais dans nos conditions, ce paramètre ne permet pas de prédire l'ovulation. Le moment où la progestérone augmente de 1 SD (0,3 ng . mL -1 ) au-dessus du niveau de base coïncide avec le moment d'ovulation déterminé par échographie (R 2 = 0,98). Cette méthode, avec 2 prélèvements par jour, est donc fiable et a été utilisée en élevages pour étudier les conséquences de Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 393-404 393

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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Relationship between peri-oestrus progesterone levels and time of ovulation by echography in pigs and influence of the interval between ovulation and artificial insemination (AI) on litter size

Terqui¹,

Guillouet²,

Maurel³

et al. 2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…Die Heritabilitätskoeffizienten für diese Merkmale sind folglich sehr niedrig (RITTER und SCHAAF, 1978). All das erschwert zweifellos die Festlegung des optimalen Besamungstermins (HENZE und KRETZSCHMAR, 1980;HENZE et al, 1982;WEITZE et al, 1994) und steht der Grundvoraussetzung für die terminisierte Ferkelproduktion, nämlich die gleichzeitig durchzuführende Besamung aller Sauen einer Gruppe, prinzipiell entgegen. Hier liegt der Beweggrund für die Entwicklung des biotechnischen Verfahrens der Ovulationssynchronisation mit terminorientierter Besamung bei Jung-und abgesetzten Altsauen WÄHNER, 2002).…”

Section: Zusammenfassungunclassified

“…Nach jeweils 8 Generationen bildet sich eine Gleichgewichtsfrequenz, die über die 10. (WEITZE et al, 1994;HÜHN et al, 1996). Mit dem hier angewandten Re-chenmodell wurde daher überprüft, ob der hohe Anteil Sauen in der Problemgruppe des Betriebes A auf eine verdeckte Genfrequenzänderung zurückzuführen ist oder ob hier betriebsspezifische Gründe vorliegen.…”

Section: Zusammenfassungunclassified

Biotechnische Fortpflanzungssteuerung bei Sauen und mögliche verdeckte Genfrequenzänderung für das Brunstverhalten

Fischer

Wähner

2003

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Title of the paper: Biotechnical control of reproduction in sows and the opportunity of a hidden change of gene frequency for estrous behaviour Since more than three decades hormones have been used for the synchronisation of ovulation in sows often combined with timed artificial insemination. This will be done without considering the estrous behaviour. A selection with regard to symptoms of standing behaviour is not necessary. Regarding to that it is possible to breed pigs that are not suitable for that purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the opportunity of hidden gene frequency changes in the genetics of pigs in two herds of German Landrace. This will be shown by the example of the standing behaviour and especially the time they need to come in heat after weaning of the piglets. The basic datas was provided by two pig-breeding farms. The calculation is based only on the information to the 2nd and 3rd litter of these sows in order to reduce the influence of selection. It is assumed that the path of heredity is monofacturial. Only pigs with the genotype "aa" will be negatively affected. At the beginning the father of boars (SS) is the sole carrier of the defect gene. The gene frequency, frequency for homozygotes and the correct number of concerned pigs after 10 generations will be calculated for a more accurate description of the expansion of this gene. The gene frequency results in the balance of 0.4 %. This figure has already been achieved after eight generations. According to this value the frequency of homozygotes is 0.0017 % on all paths of heredity. After ten generations the population will contain 0.0093 animals of the homozygot recessive genotype "aa". There will be 0.0055 male and 0.0038 female pigs of the negative genotype. Finally, no negative effect of the usage of hormones for the synchronisation of ovulation in pigs has been proved.

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Staging of porcine embryos: Comparison of Standard Event System‐based statistical clusters with a Carnegie‐based staging system

Kamstrup

Markussen

Hay‐Schmidt

et al. 2020

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: Methods to compare events defined as newly occurring characters in development has advanced vertebrate developmental research but events are not easily extrapolated into traditional staging systems used in biomedical research. Results: First, we scored 95 porcine embryos in the age range of 15 to 33 days post conception by stereomicroscopy using to a slightly modified version of the Standard Event System (SES). Subsequent statistical clustering allowed the embryos to be grouped into 15 clusters. Staging of the same embryos in a way that generally follow the description of external features of human embryos in the Carnegie stages 10 to 23 allowed us to describe 14 stages of porcine embryonic development that correlate to the Carnegie stages of human development with minor species differences. When arranged by average age, the statistic clusters had a distribution that correlated well with the stages produced by the Carnegie-based staging system. Conclusions: Statistical analysis of developmental events allow grouping of porcine embryos into clusters that can be extrapolated into a Carnegie-based staging system, thus serving the dual purpose of facilitating the use of the pig as a biomedical model animal and providing data for integrating porcine developmental events into a phylogenetic context.

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The Onset of Heat after Weaning, Heat Duration, and Ovulation as Major Factors in AI Timing in Sows

Cited by 101 publications

References 5 publications

Relationship between peri-oestrus progesterone levels and time of ovulation by echography in pigs and influence of the interval between ovulation and artificial insemination (AI) on litter size

Relationship between peri-oestrus progesterone levels and time of ovulation by echography in pigs and influence of the interval between ovulation and artificial insemination (AI) on litter size

Biotechnische Fortpflanzungssteuerung bei Sauen und mögliche verdeckte Genfrequenzänderung für das Brunstverhalten

Staging of porcine embryos: Comparison of Standard Event System‐based statistical clusters with a Carnegie‐based staging system

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