The Omics Side of Fatty Liver: A Holistic Approach for a Commonly Occurring Peripartal Disease

Vailati-Riboni, Mario; Palombo, Valentino; Loor, Juan J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43033-1_11

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 81 publications

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“…In general, NEFA metabolism has two harmful pathways: (1) abundant NEFA reassemble to produce triglyceride (TG) in the hepatocellular endoplasmic reticulum, which further causes TG accumulation in the liver; and (2) carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 transports NEFA to the mitochondria, where ketone bodies are subsequently generated from NEFA metabolism through incomplete oxidation [ 2 , 4 ]. TG storage likely precedes BHBA synthesis in dairy cows after calving [ 39 , 40 ]. Notably, NEFA play an important role in the development of inflammatory responses in periparturient dairy cows [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Tryptophan Metabolism and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Dairy Cows with Ketosis

Luo

Yong²,

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Dairy cows with ketosis have high circulating beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentrations alongside which inflammation is concomitantly developed. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that participates in the regulation of the inflammatory response. However, the association between Trp metabolism and inflammation in dairy cows with ketosis remains unclear. Therefore, blood samples from healthy (n = 10) and ketotic (n = 10) primiparous dairy cows were collected at the calving date and the day of ketosis diagnosis (7 days in milk (7 DIM)). Serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHBA, haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), lipopolysaccharide, and cortisol were analyzed. Tryptophan and its metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. At 7 DIM, the concentrations of NEFA, BHBA, HP, and SAA were higher and the levels of Trp, kynurenine (KYN), indoleacetic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, and 3-indoxyl sulfate were lower in the dairy cows with ketosis compared with those in the healthy cows. However, the KYN/Trp and melatonin/Trp ratios increased in the cows with ketosis. At the calving date, the serum lipopolysaccharide levels did not differ between the healthy and ketotic cows, whereas the levels of NEFA, HP, and cortisol increased in the ketotic cows. Correlation analysis showed that Trp deficiency and elevated Trp metabolism in the dairy cows occurred during ketosis. Overall, our results suggest that abnormal Trp metabolism may contribute to the pathogenesis of ketosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Tryptophan Metabolism and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Dairy Cows with Ketosis

Luo

Yong²,

et al. 2023

Metabolites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Pathological evaluation of thigh muscle, sciatic nerve, and spinal cord in downer cow syndrome with emphasis on the prognostic significance

Ohfuji¹

2018

Comp Clin Pathol

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Alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to metabolic maladaptation in dairy cows during the development of hyperketonemia

Luo,

Du,

Huang

et al. 2024

mSystems

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Metabolic maladaptation in dairy cows after calving can lead to long-term elevation of ketones, such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), representing the condition known as hyperketonemia, which greatly influences the health and production performance of cows during the lactation period. Although the gut microbiota is known to alter in dairy cows with hyperketonemia, the association of microbial metabolites with development of hyperketonemia remains unknown. In this study, we performed a multi-omics analysis to investigate the associations between fecal microbial community, fecal/plasma metabolites, and serum markers in hyperketonemic dairy cows during the transition period. Dynamic changes in the abundance of the phyla Verrucomicrobiota and Proteobacteria were detected in the gut microbiota of dairy cows, representing an adaptation to enhanced lipolysis and abnormal glucose metabolism after calving. Random forest and univariate analyses indicated that Frisingicoccus is a key bacterial genus in the gut of cows during the development of hyperketonemia, and its abundance was positively correlated with circulating branched-chain amino acid levels and the ketogenesis pathway. Taurodeoxycholic acid, belonging to the microbial metabolite, was strongly correlated with an increase in blood BHB level, and the levels of other secondary bile acid in the feces and plasma were altered in dairy cows prior to the diagnosis of hyperketonemia, which link the gut microbiota and hyperketonemia. Our results suggest that alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to excessive lipolysis and insulin insensitivity during the development of hyperketonemia, providing fundamental knowledge about manipulation of gut microbiome to improve metabolic adaptability in transition dairy cows. IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence is pointing to an important association between gut microbiota-derived metabolites and metabolic disorders in humans and animals; however, this association in dairy cows from late gestation to early lactation is poorly understood. To address this gap, we integrated longitudinal gut microbial (feces) and metabolic (feces and plasma) profiles to characterize the phenotypic differences between healthy and hyperketonemic dairy cows from late gestation to early lactation. Our results demonstrate that cows underwent excessive lipid mobilization and insulin insensitivity before hyperketonemia was evident. The bile acids are functional readouts that link gut microbiota and host phenotypes in the development of hyperketonemia. Thus, this work provides new insight into the mechanisms involved in metabolic adaptation during the transition period to adjust to the high energy and metabolic demands after calving and during lactation, which can offer new strategies for livestock management involving intervention of the gut microbiome to facilitate metabolic adaptation.

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The Omics Side of Fatty Liver: A Holistic Approach for a Commonly Occurring Peripartal Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 81 publications

Association between Tryptophan Metabolism and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Dairy Cows with Ketosis

Association between Tryptophan Metabolism and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Dairy Cows with Ketosis

Pathological evaluation of thigh muscle, sciatic nerve, and spinal cord in downer cow syndrome with emphasis on the prognostic significance

Alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to metabolic maladaptation in dairy cows during the development of hyperketonemia

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