The Oligo-/Miocene Qom Formation (Iran): evidence for an early Burdigalian restriction of the Tethyan Seaway and closure of its Iranian gateways

Reuter, Markus; Piller, Werner E.; Harzhauser, Mathias; Mandić, Oleg; Berning, Björn; Rögl, Fred; Kroh, Andreas; Aubry, Marie‐Pierre; Wielandt‐Schuster, Ulrike; Hamedani, Ali

doi:10.1007/s00531-007-0269-9

Cited by 206 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The co-occurrence of this species with M. polymorpha which is seen in stratigraphical records (only from Indo-Pacific) highly support the assumption of a probable marine connection between Indo-Pacific and Mediterranean Tethys in Burdigalian time in the region (Harzhauser et al, 2002;Reuter et al, 2009, Qom formation, Iran). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Benthic Foraminiferal Fauna of Malatya Oligo-Miocene Basin, (Eastern Taurids, Eastern Turkey)

Gedik¹

2014

Bull.Min.Res.Exp.

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In this study, systematic description of 28 benthic foraminiferal taxa were carried out which had been detected in Oligo-Miocene aged Muratl› and Petekkaya formations cropping out over wide areas around Akçada¤ town, west of Malatya province in Eastern Taurids. Miogypsina globulina which is a cosmopolite species located in Burdigalian aged shallow marine carbonates is described on wide geographical areas ranging from Central America to Indo-Pacific and Mediterranean Tethys. Miogypsina polymorpha on the other hand was reported only from Indo-Pacific in stratigraphical records until today. Considering the association of these species, the assumption of a probable marine connection mentioned between Indo-Pacific and Mediterranean Tethys in Burdigalian period in the region was strongly supported. Also considering the presence of marker planktonic foraminiferal species Globoquadrina dehiscens and Sphenolithus delphix from nannoplanktons which are described in marls between Chattian and Burdigalian units it was determined that these marls most probably indicated Aquitanian age.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Benthic Foraminiferal Fauna of Malatya Oligo-Miocene Basin, (Eastern Taurids, Eastern Turkey)

Gedik¹

2014

Bull.Min.Res.Exp.

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“…Therefore we suggest that, prior to approximately 14 Ma, a relatively deep seaway connected the Indian Ocean and the proto-Mediterranean, allowing the production of TISW. Moreover, the termination of TISW production during the MMCT (Woodruff and Savin, 1989;Wright et al, 1992;Kennett, 1994, 1995) suggests a middle Miocene age for the final closure of the Tethys seaway, which is consistent with oceanic palaeontological data (Rögl, 1999;Harzhauser et al, , 2009Reuter et al, 2009). Our results are in disagreement with the study of Hüs-ing et al (2009), who suggested that a connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean still existed at 11 Ma.…”

Section: Timing Of the Eastern Tethys Seaway Closurecontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…Finally, stratigraphic and oceanic palaeontological data indicate that the Mediterranean Basin and the Indian Ocean were intermittently connected until at least the middle Miocene (Rögl, 1999;Harzhauser et al, , 2009Okay et al, 2010). The consensual view is that, after the initial collision between AfroArabia and Eurasia, the remaining eastern Tethys seaway was not floored by oceanic crust, and the re-opening phases were mainly due to sea-level changes (Rögl, 1999;Harzhauser et al, , 2009Allen and Armstrong, 2008;Hüsing et al, 2009;Reuter et al, 2009;Okay et al, 2010). The final closure of the Tethys seaway after the Langhian transgression (ca.…”

Section: N Hamon Et Al: Tethys Seaway Closure and Middle Miocene CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of eastern Tethys seaway closure in the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (ca. 14 Ma)

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (MMCT, approximately 14 Ma) is a key period in Cenozoic cooling and cryospheric expansion. Despite being well documented in isotopic record, the causes of the MMCT are still a matter of debate. Among various hypotheses, some authors suggested that it was due the final closure of the eastern Tethys seaway and subsequent oceanic circulation reorganisation. The aim of the present study is to quantify the impact of varying Tethys seaway depths on middle Miocene ocean and climate, in order to better understand its role in the MMCT.We present four sensitivity experiments with a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Our results indicate the presence of a warm and salty water source in the northern Indian Ocean when the eastern Tethys is deep open (4000 or 1000 m), which corresponds to the Tethyan Indian Saline Water (TISW) described on the basis of isotopic studies. This water source is absent in the experiments with shallow (250 m) and closed Tethys seaway, inducing strong changes in the latitudinal density gradient and ultimately the reinforcement of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Moreover, when the Tethys seaway is shallow or closed, there is a westward water flow in the Gibraltar Strait that strengthens the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) compared to the experiments with deep-open Tethys seaway. Our results therefore suggest that the shoaling and final closure of the eastern Tethys seaway played a major role in the oceanic circulation reorganisation during the middle Miocene.The results presented here provide new constraints on the timing of the Tethys seaway closure and particularly indicate that, prior to 14 Ma, a deep-open Tethys seaway should have allowed the formation of TISW. Moreover, whereas the final closure of this seaway likely played a major role in the reorganisation of oceanic circulation, we suggest that it was not the main driver of the global cooling and Antarctica ice-sheet expansion during the MMCT. Here we propose that the initiation of the MMCT was caused by an atmospheric pCO 2 drawdown and that the oceanic changes due to the Tethys seaway closure amplified the response of global climate and East Antarctic Ice Sheet.

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“…Comparable assemblages are described from the upper Chattian of the central Iranian Qom Formation (Mandic 2000;Harzhauser 2004;Reuter et al 2007) and along the entire northern coast of the Western Tethys (Harzhauser et al 2002). A relation to the Central Paratethys is indicated by the occurrence of Ringicardium buekkianum, which is known from the Lower Egerian ( in contrast, represents ties with the echinoid fauna of the Lower Indus Basin.…”

Section: Biostratigraphic Results Of the Muş Basinmentioning

confidence: 97%

Oligocene–Miocene basin evolution in SE Anatolia, Turkey: constraints on the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway

et al. 2009

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The Oligocene-Miocene was a time characterized by major climate changes as well as changing plate configurations. The Middle Miocene Climate Transition (17 to 11 Ma) may even have been triggered by a plate tectonic event: the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway, the marine connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean. To address this idea, we focus on the evolution of Oligocene and Miocene foreland basins in the southernmost part of Turkey, the most likely candidates to have formed this gateway. In addition, we take the geodynamic evolution of the Arabian-Eurasian collision into account.The Muş and Elazıg basins, located to the north of the Bitlis-Zagros suture zone, were most likely connected during the Oligocene. The deepening of both basins is biostratigraphically dated by us to occur during the Rupelian (Early Oligocene). Deep marine conditions (between 350 and 750 m) prevailed until the Chattian (Late Oligocene), when the basins shoaled rapidly to subtidal/intertidal environment in tropical to subtropical conditions, as indicated by the macrofossil assemblages. We conclude that the emergence of this basin during the Chattian severely restricted the marine connection between an eastern (Indian Ocean) and western (Mediterranean) marine domain. If a connection persisted it was likely located south of the Bitlis-Zagros suture zone. The Kahramanmaraş basin, located on the northern Arabian promontory south of the Bitlis-Zagros suture zone, was a foreland basin during the Middle and Late Miocene, possibly linked to the Hatay basin to the west and the Lice basin to the east. Our data indicates that this foreland basin experienced shallow marine conditions during the Langhian, followed by a rapid deepening during Langhian/Serravallian and prevailing deep marine conditions (between 350 and 750 m) until the early Tortonian. We have dated the youngest sediments underneath a subduction-related thrust at c. 11 Ma and suggest that this corresponds to the end of underthrusting in the Kahramanmaraş region, i.e.

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The Oligo-/Miocene Qom Formation (Iran): evidence for an early Burdigalian restriction of the Tethyan Seaway and closure of its Iranian gateways

Cited by 206 publications

References 24 publications

Benthic Foraminiferal Fauna of Malatya Oligo-Miocene Basin, (Eastern Taurids, Eastern Turkey)

Benthic Foraminiferal Fauna of Malatya Oligo-Miocene Basin, (Eastern Taurids, Eastern Turkey)

The role of eastern Tethys seaway closure in the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (ca. 14 Ma)

Oligocene–Miocene basin evolution in SE Anatolia, Turkey: constraints on the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway

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