The Olfactory Chemosensation of Hematophagous Hemipteran Insects

Abstract

As one of the most abundant insect orders on earth, most Hemipteran insects are phytophagous, with the few hematophagous exceptions falling into two families: Cimicidae, such as bed bugs, and Reduviidae, such as kissing bugs. Many of these blood-feeding hemipteran insects are known to be realistic or potential disease vectors, presenting both physical and psychological risks for public health. Considerable researches into the interactions between hemipteran insects such as kissing bugs and bed bugs and their human hosts have revealed important information that deepens our understanding of their chemical ecology and olfactory physiology. Sensory mechanisms in the peripheral olfactory system of both insects have now been characterized, with a particular emphasis on their olfactory sensory neurons and odorant receptors. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies of both kissing bugs (including Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans) and bed bugs (Cimex lectularius), focusing on their chemical ecology and peripheral olfactory systems. Potential chemosensation-based applications for the management of these Hemipteran insect vectors are also discussed.

PDGF-loaded microneedles promote tendon healing through p38/cyclin D1 pathway mediated angiogenesis

“…As stated in our manuscript, the angiogenic enhancement was related with less macrophages and cellularity score. Besides, PDGF could elevate expression level of VEGF and enhance cell proliferation thus result in angiogenesis [ 37 ], as shown in our RNA-seq results. PDGF can also promote tissue regeneration through angiogenesis by p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-eNOS [ 40 ].…”

“…However, immediately high concentration of PDGF might leads to the enormously increase of expression of VEGF. The abnormal angiogenesis could be harmful to the tendon healing process, especially at later stage [ 37 ]. In our drug release tests, PDGF was steadily released from microneedle patch in the first hours.…”

Antennal Transcriptome Analysis of Olfactory Genes and Characterization of Odorant Binding Proteins in Odontothrips loti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

“…Multiple olfactory protein families are involved in the insect peripheral olfactory system, which are important for their survival and reproduction [ 53 ]. The olfactory proteins and their potential value in pest control have been well documented in Lepidoptera [ 54 , 55 ], Hymenoptera [ 56 , 57 ], Diptera [ 58 ], Orthoptera [ 59 ], Coleoptera [ 11 , 60 , 61 ], and Hemiptera [ 62 , 63 , 64 ] but rarely in Thysanoptera [ 43 , 44 ]. However, our knowledge of the olfactory protein families in Thysanoptera does require further research.…”

Circadian oscillation of perireceptor events influence olfactory sensitivity in diurnal and nocturnal mosquitoes

“…culicifacies are consistent with previous literature ( 26 , 31 ), and we postulate that these proteins may contribute to the regulation of odorant detection in mosquitoes. Given the potentially larger odor space in mosquitoes (like other hematophagous insects) ( 16 , 58 ), it can be hypothesized that detection of any specific signal in such a noisy environment, mosquitoes may have evolved a sophisticated mechanism for rapid (i) odor mobilization and (ii) odorant clearance, to prevent anosmia ( 24 ). We noticed peak transcriptional changes of the peri-receptor proteins (ZT12 in An.…”