The olfactory bulb as an independent developmental domain

López‐Mascaraque, Laura; Castro, Fernando de

doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401076

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Data shown are representative of two experiments. the early developmental stage (22). Together with our current finding that PKR2 was strongly expressed in the mouse fetal brain as well as in the human fetal brain (5), we deduce that the PK͞PKR2 system plays important roles in OB morphogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…During the embryonic stage at E14.5 ( Fig. 1C), which is the developmental stage after establishment of the first olfactory sensory connections from the olfactory epithelium to the OB (22), no remarkable macroscopic differences could be observed between the Pkr2 Ϫ/Ϫ mice and their wild-type littermates (n ϭ 19). However, at E16.5 and E18.5 as well as at P0, projection of the OB from the telencephalon was evident in all of the wild-type mice, whereas this projection was very slight in all of the Pkr2 Ϫ/Ϫ mice (n ϭ 5, 7, and 5 at E16.5, E18.5, and P0, respectively).…”

Section: In Situ Hybridization Analysis For Pkr2 Using Radiolabeled Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abnormal development of the olfactory bulb and reproductive system in mice lacking prokineticin receptor PKR2

Matsumoto

Yamazaki²,

Masumoto³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

254

246

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Prokineticins, multifunctional secreted proteins, activate two endogenous G protein-coupled receptors PKR1 and PKR2. From in situ analysis of the mouse brain, we discovered that PKR2 is predominantly expressed in the olfactory bulb (OB). To examine the role of PKR2 in the OB, we created PKR1-and PKR2-gene-disrupted mice (Pkr1 ؊/؊ and Pkr2 ؊/؊ , respectively). Phenotypic analysis indicated that not Pkr1 ؊/؊ but Pkr2 ؊/؊ mice exhibited hypoplasia of the OB. This abnormality was observed in the early developmental stages of fetal OB in the Pkr2 ؊/؊ mice. In addition, the Pkr2 ؊/؊ mice showed severe atrophy of the reproductive system, including the testis, ovary, uterus, vagina, and mammary gland. In the Pkr2 ؊/؊ mice, the plasma levels of testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone were decreased, and the mRNA transcription levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus and luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary were also significantly reduced. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons were absent in the hypothalamus in the Pkr2 ؊/؊ mice. The phenotype of the Pkr2 ؊/؊ mice showed similarity to the clinical features of Kallmann syndrome, a human disease characterized by association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. Our current findings demonstrated that physiological activation of PKR2 is essential for normal development of the OB and sexual maturation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: In Situ Hybridization Analysis For Pkr2 Using Radiolabeled Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal development of the olfactory bulb and reproductive system in mice lacking prokineticin receptor PKR2

Matsumoto

Yamazaki²,

Masumoto³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

254

246

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Expression of Pax6 marks at least three cell populations in and around the OB: VZ cells in the OB, OB neurons, and scattered cells in the anterior olfactory nuclei (AON) (Stoykova and Gruss, 1994;Dellovade et al, 1998;Lopez-Mascaraque and de Castro, 2002;Hack et al, 2005;Kohwi et al, 2005). Among these Pax6 ϩ cells, the Dlx1&2 Ϫ/Ϫ mutation appears to selectively eliminate the OB interneurons (Fig.…”

Section: Cјdј) Dlx1and2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dlx-Dependent and -Independent Regulation of Olfactory Bulb Interneuron Differentiation

Long¹,

Garel²,

et al. 2007

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Olfactory bulb interneuron development is a complex multistep process that involves cell specification in the ventral telencephalon, tangential migration into the olfactory bulb, and local neuronal maturation. Although several transcription factors have been implicated in this process, how or when they act remains to be elucidated. Here we explore the mechanisms that result in olfactory bulb interneuron defects in Dlx1&2 Ϫ/Ϫ (distal-less homeobox 1 and 2) and Mash1 Ϫ/Ϫ (mammalian achaete-schute homolog 1) mutants. We provide evidence that Dlx1&2 and Mash1 regulate parallel molecular pathways that are required for the generation of these cells, thereby providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying olfactory bulb development. The analysis also defined distinct anatomical zones related to olfactory bulb development. Finally we show that Dlx1&2 are required for promoting tangential migration to the olfactory bulb, potentially via regulating the expression of ErbB4 (v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4), Robo2 (roundabout homolog 2), Slit1 (slit homolog 1), and PK2 (prokineticin 2), which have all been shown to play essential roles in this migration.

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“…The MOB is a structure that has been very well studied at different morphological and physiological levels (Shepherd and Greer, 1998;López Mascaraque and de Castro, 2002), but this is not quite the case for the AOB. Albeit during the last 2 decades, progress in the knowledge of the VNS in general and of the AOB in particular has been considerable (Hayashi et al, 1993;Taniguchi and Kaba, 2001;Araneda and Firestein, 2006), there are still some specific aspects of the AOB that require further exploration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

General organization of the perinatal and adult accessory olfactory bulb in mice

et al. 2006

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The vomeronasal system is currently a topical issue since the dual functional specificity, vomeronasal system-pheromones, has recently been questioned. Irrespective of the tools used to put such specificity in doubt, the diversity of the anatomy of the system itself in the animal kingdom is probably of more importance than has previously been considered. It has to be pointed out that a true vomeronasal system is integrated by the vomeronasal organ, the accessory olfactory bulb, and the so-called vomeronasal amygdala. Therefore, it seems reasonable to establish the corresponding differences between a well-developed vomeronasal system and other areas of the nasal cavity in which putative olfactory receptors, perhaps present in other kinds of mammals, may be able to detect pheromones and to process them. In consequence, a solid pattern for one such system in one particular species needs to be chosen. Here we report on an analysis of the general morphological characteristics of the accessory olfactory bulb in mice, a species commonly used in the study of the vomeronasal system, during growth and in adults. Our results indicate that the critical period for the formation of this structure comprises the stages between the first and the fifth day after birth, when the stratification of the bulb, the peculiarities of each type of cell, and the final building of glomeruli are completed. In addition, our data suggest that the conventional plexiform layers of the main olfactory bulb are not present in the accessory bulb. Anat Rec Part A, 288A: 1009-1025, 2006. 2006 Key words: vomeronasal system; accessory olfactory bulb; growth; anatomy; mouseOdors are detected in the majority of mammals by means of two systems, the main olfactory system (MOS) and the vomeronasal system (VNS) (Halpern, 1987;Brennan, 2001;Halpern and Martínez-Marcos, 2003), which, despite some differences, basically share a common pattern of organization (Mori, 1987). Each consists of a sensory epithelium, two olfactory bulbs, and different telencephalic structures. This similarity results in the olfactory information being processed in a like manner in both systems, although there are also some specific morphological differences, and at molecular level different genes are involved in the transduction mechanism (Buck and Axel, 1991;Dulac and Axel, 1995;Mombaerts, 1999).The main olfactory (MOB) and the accessory olfactory bulbs (AOB), which are the first relay stations in each system, play a key role in the physiological mechanism of olfaction. Within the bulbs, glomeruli organize the corresponding input and output information

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The olfactory bulb as an independent developmental domain

Cited by 55 publications

References 90 publications

Abnormal development of the olfactory bulb and reproductive system in mice lacking prokineticin receptor PKR2

Abnormal development of the olfactory bulb and reproductive system in mice lacking prokineticin receptor PKR2

Dlx-Dependent and -Independent Regulation of Olfactory Bulb Interneuron Differentiation

General organization of the perinatal and adult accessory olfactory bulb in mice

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