The oldest South American occurrence of Spinosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda)

Sales, Marcos A.F.; Liparini, Alexandre; Andrade, Marco B D; Aragão, Paulo R.L.; Schultz, César Leandro

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2016.10.005

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In this sense, although African materials are usually the focus of most investigations, Brazilian specimens play an important role in discussions concerning the evolution and paleobiology of Spinosauridae. This statement is clearly corroborated by new findings of these dinosaurs in understudied fossil sites (e.g., [ 37 , 54 ]).…”

Section: Final Remarkssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…B, Ingroup relationships after the cladistic analysis which excludes Cristatusaurus , Angaturama and Oxalaia . Silhouettes modified from Sales et al [ 37 , 71 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite being smaller than the largest spinosaurid skull reported [ 5 ], it provides additional evidence for the wide distribution of large-bodied spinosaurs during the mid-Cretaceous [ 1 , 29 ]. Finally, the Brazilian spinosaurid record also includes isolated teeth and postcranial remains [ 30 – 37 ]. Among them, the most outstanding specimen is a partial postcranial skeleton firstly mentioned in scientific meeting abstracts [ 38 – 40 ] and later described in an unpublished Master’s thesis [ 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil

Sales

Schultz

2017

PLoS ONE

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Fossil sites from Brazil have yielded specimens of spinosaurid theropods, among which the most informative include the cranial remains of Irritator, Angaturama, and Oxalaia. In this work some of their craniodental features are reinterpreted, providing new data for taxonomic and evolutionary issues concerning this particular clade of dinosaurs. The mesial-most tooth of the left maxilla of the holotype of Irritator is regarded as representing the third tooth position, which is also preserved in the holotype of Angaturama. Thus, both specimens cannot belong to the same individual, contrary to previous assumptions, although they could have been the same taxon. In addition, the position of the external nares of Irritator is more comparable to those of Baryonyx and Suchomimus instead of other spinosaurine spinosaurids. In fact, with regards to some craniodental features, Brazilian taxa represent intermediate conditions between Baryonychinae and Spinosaurinae. Such a scenario is corroborated by our cladistic results, which also leave open the possibility of the former subfamily being non-monophyletic. Furthermore, the differences between spinosaurids regarding the position and size of the external nares might be related to distinct feeding habits and degrees of reliance on olfaction. Other issues concerning the evolution and taxonomy of Spinosauridae require descriptions of additional material for their clarification.

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Section: Final Remarkssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…B, Ingroup relationships after the cladistic analysis which excludes Cristatusaurus , Angaturama and Oxalaia . Silhouettes modified from Sales et al [ 37 , 71 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil

Sales

Schultz

2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Although their phylogenetic relationships indicate that spinosaurids must have been around since at least the Middle Jurassic (e.g., Carrano et al, 2012;Rauhut et al, 2016), fossil remains referred to the clade prior to the Cretaceous are sparse and debated (see Buffetaut, 2008Buffetaut, , 2011Rauhut, 2011;Allain et al, 2012;Vullo et al, 2014;Hendrickx et al, 2019). Pre-Barremian Cretaceous occurrences are mainly based on isolated teeth (e.g., Sales et al, 2017), and the group might have disappeared soon after the Cenomanian; younger reports are fragmentary based on isolated teeth (e.g., Candeiro et al, 2004;Hone et al, 2010) and more material would be needed to corroborate their survival after the Cenomanian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histology of spinosaurid dinosaur teeth from the Albian-Cenomanian of Morocco: Implications for tooth replacement and ecology

Heckeberg

Rauhut

2020

Palaeontol Electron

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High numbers of spinosaurid teeth found in Morocco suggest that this clade was very abundant during the "Mid-"Cretaceous in northern Africa. Several reasons have been proposed to account for this abundance of spinosaur teeth, from sampling biases to ecology. However, the number of teeth in the fossil record also depends strongly on the tooth replacement rate. So far, little is known about the tooth formation time and replacement rates in spinosaurids. Here, we analysed the histology of several spinosaur teeth to estimate tooth formation time and replacement rates, using the count of lines of von Ebner, the daily formed incremental lines in the dentine of the teeth. Line counts indicated a maximum tooth formation time of 271 days, and replacement rates were predicted to be between 59 and 68 days. These rates are faster than in other large theropods for which data are known, and, together with the rather high number of teeth in a spinosaurid dentition, might thus help to explain the abundance of spinosaur teeth in the "Mid-"Cretaceous of northern Africa.

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“…Fossil remains of these predators are known from many localities from the Lower Cretaceous of Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Niger, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia), Europe (England, Portugal, Spain), South America (Brazil), Asia (China, Laos, Thailand), and Australia (e.g., Kellner & Campos, 1996;Sereno et al, 1998;Benton et al, 2000;Buffetaut & Ouaja, 2002;Sues et al, 2002;Medeiros, 2006;Buffetaut, , 2012Hone et al, 2010;Barrett et al, 2011;Kellner et al, 2011;Allain et al, 2012;Medeiros et al, 2014;Hendrickx et al, 2016;Sales et al, 2017). Knowledge about spinosaurids has increased significantly in the last few decades as new fossil remains, including various new species, have been found in several new Gondwanan and Laurasian localities (Buffetaut & Ingavat, 1986;Sereno et al, 1998;Benson et al, 2009;Buffetaut, 2012;Allain et al, 2012;Hendrickx et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinosaurid Dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of North Africa and Europe: Fossil Record, Biogeography and Extinction

2017

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We review the fossil records of spinosaurid dinosaurs in order to discuss this group's evolution and distribution in Europe and North Africa during the Early Cretaceous. Along with their eastern Laurasian distribution during the Cretaceous, these theropods have been found in coastal deposits of Europe and North Africa dated from the Barremian to the Cenomanian. The main occurrences of spinosaurid remains are in the deposits of northern Gondwana and western Laurasia, which suggests that these regions were very important in spinosaurid evolution prior to the Cenomanian. Later, spinosaurids were seemingly replaced in northern Gondwana by other top predator groups, including the abelisauroids. Keywords: theropod spinosaurids; "middle" Cretaceous; biogeography ResumoAqui nos revisamos os registros de dinossauros de spinosaurídeos e discutimos a evolução e distribuição deste grupo na Europa e no Norte da África durante o Cretáceo Inferior. Juntamente com sua distribuição Laurasiana oriental durante o Cretáceo, esses terópodes foram encontrados em depósitos costeiros da Europa e do Norte da África datados do Barremiano ao Cenomaniano. As principais ocorrências de restos de espinossáuridos estão nos depósitos do norte de Gondwana e Laurasia ocidental, o que sugere que estas regiões foram importante de sua evolução antes do Cenomaniano. Posteriormente, os espinossáuridos foram aparentemente substituídos no norte de Gondwana por outros grupos predadores de topo, incluindo abelissauroideos.

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The oldest South American occurrence of Spinosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda)

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil

Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil

Histology of spinosaurid dinosaur teeth from the Albian-Cenomanian of Morocco: Implications for tooth replacement and ecology

Spinosaurid Dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of North Africa and Europe: Fossil Record, Biogeography and Extinction

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