The old terrorism: a dataset, 1860 – 1969

Tschantret, Joshua

doi:10.1080/03050629.2019.1649259

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The patterns visualized in Figure 1 are consistent with the notion of a first wave of social-revolutionary terrorism that started in the 1880s and began to peter out after 1920, being replaced by terrorism more strongly motivated by nationalist and anti-colonial sentiment (e.g. Rapoport 2001;Parker and Sitter 2016;Tschantret 2019).…”

Section: Measuring Social-revolutionary Terrorismsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…For our sample of 99 countries, there were 155 active terrorist groups between 1860 and 1950. 81 of them were motivated by a social-revolutionary ideology (51 anarchist and 30 leftist groups), while the remaining groups had nationalist, right-wing, religious or other leanings (Tschantret 2019). The patterns visualized in Figure 1 are consistent with the notion of a first wave of social-revolutionary terrorism that started in the 1880s and began to peter out after 1920, being replaced by terrorism more strongly motivated by nationalist and anti-colonial sentiment (e.g.…”

Section: Measuring Social-revolutionary Terrorismsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Our main dependent variable is the number of social-revolutionary terrorist groups active in a countryyear. 7 The data on the activity of the various terrorist groups is drawn from the Old Terrorism Dataset of Tschantret (2019). This dataset also reports the terrorist groups' ideological leanings.…”

Section: Measuring Social-revolutionary Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This dataset also reports the terrorist groups' ideological leanings. For our analysis, all groups that are classified as anarchist or leftist by Tschantret (2019) are considered to be social-revolutionary. According to Tschantret (2019), most anarchist groups are identified based on their self-identification, while left-wing groups are similarly identified as such when they self-identify as socialist or communist (including Marxist-Leninist groups) or when they otherwise fight to transform the political system for equity purposes.…”

Section: Measuring Social-revolutionary Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our empirical study adds to three strands of the terrorism literature. First, thanks to a new dataset by Tschantret (2019) we can empirically analyse the roots of terrorism in the 19th and early 20th century. Previously available datasets (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Class Warfare: Political Exclusion of the Poor and the Roots of Social-Revolutionary Terrorism, 1860-1950

Meierrieks

Krieger

Klotzbücher

2021

Defence and Peace Economics

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We examine the effect of class cleavages on terrorist activity by anarchist and leftist terrorist groups in 99 countries over the 1860-1950 period. We find that higher levels of political exclusion of the poor, our main measure of class conflict, were associated with higher levels of social-revolutionary terrorist activity during this time period. This finding is robust to an instrumental-variable approach and further robustness checks. We argue that class cleavages -in the form of the monopolization of political power by the rich -perpetuated and exacerbated the socio-economic ordeal of the poor, while simultaneously curtailing their means to effect relief in the ordinary political process. Consistent with our expectations, this provoked terrorist violence by groups whose ideological orientation highlighted concerns over class conflict, economic equality and the political participation of the poor. Indeed, our empirical analysis also shows that terrorist groups motivated by other ideologies (e.g. extreme nationalism) did not respond to political exclusion of the poor in the same manner, which further emphasizes the role of ideological inclinations in the terrorist response to class antagonisms.

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Section: Measuring Social-revolutionary Terrorismsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Measuring Social-revolutionary Terrorismsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Measuring Social-revolutionary Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measuring Social-revolutionary Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Class Warfare: Political Exclusion of the Poor and the Roots of Social-Revolutionary Terrorism, 1860-1950

Meierrieks

Krieger

Klotzbücher

2021

Defence and Peace Economics

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Strategic Interaction of Governments and Terrorist Groups in Times of Economic Hardship

Tokdemir

Klein

2021

Defence and Peace Economics

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When governments' ability to maintain power is threatened, they use any tool at their disposal to re-establish or boost their survival. In this paper, we theorize dyadic strategic choices and interactions between governments and domestic terrorist groups in times of economic turmoil. We contend that governments are more likely to increase their targeting of domestic terrorist groups, which provides legitimate opportunities to divert public attention from economic concerns and rally individuals around the flag. Meanwhile, observing such incentives, domestic terrorist groups make strategic decisions similar to those of interstate actors by either decreasing their attacks (strategic conflict avoidance) or increasing them (strategic conflict seeking) to add an inability to provide safety and security to the government's existing struggles. We test these competing hypotheses by leveraging two recently released event datasets focusing on the Turkey-PKK conflict. Our findings contribute to the terrorism studies literature on decision-making and strategic choices, and broader scholarship about conflict processes by testing conflict dynamics at the domestic level.

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