The Oklahoma City Bombing: Analysis of Blast Damage to the Murrah Building

Mlakar, Paul F.; Corley, W. Gene; Sözen, Mete A.; Thornton, Charles H.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(1998)12:3(113)

Cited by 64 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The experimental results about the behaviour of steel [10,11], concrete [12][13][14] and fibre reinforced [15] panels subjected to explosions can be found in the bibliography. Nevertheless, most of the results related to full-scale structures are those concerning structures that have actually suffered explosions [16]. One of the first tests was a full-scale blast test on a four-story building at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico as part of a research and development contract from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) to investigate measures to retrofit US Embassies and other critical structures worldwide against blast loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of building collapse under blast loads

Luccioni

Ambrosini

Danesi

2004

Engineering Structures

260

117

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of building collapse under blast loads

Luccioni

Ambrosini

Danesi

2004

Engineering Structures

260

117

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“…The terrorist attack in Oklahoma City USA [1] on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building on April 19, 1995, is a wellknown example of these loads. The attack claimed 168 lives and injured more than 680 people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Practical Finite Element Models for Collapse of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Experimental Validation

Bermejo¹,

Santos²,

Ruigómez³

2017

Shock and Vibration

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This paper describes two practical methodologies for modeling the collapse of reinforced concrete structures. They are validated with a real scale test of a two-floor structure which loses a bearing column. The objective is to achieve accurate simulations of collapse phenomena with moderate computational cost. Explicit finite element models are used with Lagrangian meshes, modeling concrete, and steel in a segregated manner. The first model uses 3D continuum finite elements for concrete and beams for steel bars, connected for displacement compatibility using a penalty method. The second model uses structural finite elements, shells for concrete, and beams for steel, connected in common nodes with an eccentricity formulation. Both are capable of simulating correctly the global behavior of the structural collapse. The continuum finite element model is more accurate for interpreting local failure but has an excessive computational cost for a complete building. The structural finite element model proposed has a moderate computational cost, yields sufficiently accurate results, and as a result is the recommended methodology.

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“…On April 19, 1995, an explosion of a truck loaded with 4000 lb (1812 kg) of equivalent TNT caused collapse of almost half of the MFB and death of 168 people [1][2][3]. The attack on this building remains the most destructive act of terrorism committed in the United States prior to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%