The offshore-ring: A new system design for the open ocean aquaculture of macroalgae

Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean

Nevejan

Wille

et al. 2017

Aquaculture of extractive species, such as bivalves and macroalgae, already supplies a large amount of the production consumed worldwide, and further production is steadily increasing. Moving aquaculture operations off the coast as well as combining various uses at one site, commonly called multi-use aquaculture, is still in its infancy. Various projects worldwide, pioneered in Germany and later accompanied by other European projects, such as in Belgium, The Netherlands, Norway, as well as other international projects in the Republic of Korea and the USA, to name a few, started to invest in robust technologies and to investigate in system design needed that species can be farmed to market size in high energy environments. There are a few running enterprises with extractive species offshore, however, multi-use scenarios as well as offshore IMTA concepts are still on project scale. This will change soon as the demand is dramatically increasing and space is limited.

Section: Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore and Multi-Use Aquaculture with Extractive Species: Seaweeds and Bivalves

Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean

Nevejan

Wille

et al. 2017

“…Another concept is to co-use wind farm installations with extensive aquaculture of native bivalves and macroalgae (e.g. Buck 2002Buck , 2004Buck and Buchholz 2004;Buck et al 2008Lacroix and Pioch 2011). Due to the fact that offshore wind farms provide an appropriately sized area free of commercial shipping traffic (as most offshore wind farms are designed as restricted-access areas due to hazard mitigation concerns), projects on open ocean aquaculture have been carried out since 2000 in the German Bight (Buck 2001).…”

Section: Pilot Projects In Germanymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction: New Approaches to Sustainable Offshore Food Production and the Development of Offshore Platforms

Holm

Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean

Langan

2017

As we exhaust traditional natural resources upon which we have relied for decades to support economic growth, alternatives that are compatible with a resource conservation ethic, are consistent with efforts to limit greenhouse emissions to combat global climate change, and that support principles of integrated coastal management must be identified. Examples of sectors that are prime candidates for reinvention are electrical generation and seafood production. Once a major force in global economies and a symbol of its culture and character, the fishing industry has experienced major setbacks in the past half-decade. Once bountiful fisheries were decimated by overfishing and destructive fisheries practices that resulted in tremendous biomass of discarded by-catch. Severe restrictions on landings and effort that have been implemented to allow stocks to recover have had tremendous impact on the economy of coastal communities. During the period of decline and stagnation in capture fisheries, global production from aquaculture grew dramatically, and now accounts for 50% of the world's edible seafood supply. With the convergence of environmental and aesthetic concerns, aquaculture, which was already competing for space with other more established and accepted uses, is having an increasingly difficult time expanding in nearshore waters. Given the

“…1-4, 9, 13, 15 (see Fig. 11.1) (Buck 2002;Michler-Cieluch et al 2009a, b, Buck and Buchholz 2004a, 2005, where for the first time Laminaria species were tested in an IMTA approach with partners from the offshore wind industry.…”

Section: Candidate: Laminarian Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Saccharina latissima under the high energy offshore environment in the North Sea requires a rigid cultivation system for withstanding rough conditions, which can be handled while retaining the macroalgae. Buck and Buchholz (2004a) tested various carrier constructions and different mooring systems and their results led to a new patented ring carrier for macroalgae offshore cultivation (see subchapter on techniques and system design below) (Figs. 11.32 and 11.33).…”

Section: Candidate: Laminarian Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The German Case Study: Pioneer Projects of Aquaculture-Wind Farm Multi-Uses

Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean

Krause

Pogoda

et al. 2017

Most studies on multi-use concepts of aquaculture and wind farms explored cultivation feasibility of extractive species, such as seaweed or bivalves. However, recent studies also included the cultivation of crustaceans or fish culture in the vicinity of wind turbines. Consequently, new approaches combine fed and extractive species in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) concepts for offshore multi-use to reduce nutrient output and the overall environmental impact of aquaculture operations. In this chapter the findings of a series of mussel and oyster cultivation experiments over several seasons are presented, which were conducted at different offshore test sites in the German Bight. Sites were selected within future offshore wind farm areas for an explicit multi-use perspective. Results have demonstrated successful growth and fitness parameters of these candidates and