The oesophageal microbiome and cancer: hope or hype?

Kumar, Bhaskar; Lam, Stephen; Adam, Mina E.; Gilroy, Rachel; Pallen, Mark J.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2021.08.007

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Recent investigations into the oesophageal microbiome have revealed significant alterations in patients with EC, shedding light on the potential influence of the microbiome on the development of this malignancy [160][161][162]. Comparisons between healthy individuals, patients with Barrett's oesophagus (BE) and those diagnosed with EC have shown clear distinct microbial compositions, highlighting the dynamic changes accompanying disease progression.…”

Section: Roles and Mechanisms Of Bacteria In Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the role of intratumoral bacteria in digestive system cancers: current insights and future perspectives

Lu,

Aihaiti,

Abudukeranmu

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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Recently, research on the human microbiome, especially concerning the bacteria within the digestive system, has substantially advanced. This exploration has unveiled a complex interplay between microbiota and health, particularly in the context of disease. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays vital roles in digestion, immunity and the synthesis of vitamins and neurotransmitters, highlighting its significance in maintaining overall health. Conversely, disruptions in these microbial communities, termed dysbiosis, have been linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including digestive system cancers. These bacteria can influence cancer progression through mechanisms such as DNA damage, modulation of the tumour microenvironment, and effects on the host’s immune response. Changes in the composition and function within the tumours can also impact inflammation, immune response and cancer therapy effectiveness. These findings offer promising avenues for the clinical application of intratumoral bacteria for digestive system cancer treatment, including the potential use of microbial markers for early cancer detection, prognostication and the development of microbiome-targeted therapies to enhance treatment outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pivotal roles played by gut microbiome bacteria in the development of digestive system cancers. Additionally, we delve into the specific contributions of intratumoral bacteria to digestive system cancer development, elucidating potential mechanisms and clinical implications. Ultimately, this review underscores the intricate interplay between intratumoral bacteria and digestive system cancers, underscoring the pivotal role of microbiome research in transforming diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic paradigms for digestive system cancers.

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Section: Roles and Mechanisms Of Bacteria In Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the role of intratumoral bacteria in digestive system cancers: current insights and future perspectives

Lu,

Aihaiti,

Abudukeranmu

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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“…The bacterial microbiome is an emerging co-factor in esophageal health and disease (see recent reviews for more comprehensive discussion [41,46,47]). While the esophagus was long believed to be sterile, a growing body of evidence suggests that there is a stable esophageal bacterial microbiome that is heavily influenced by the oral microbiome [48][49][50].…”

Section: The Bacterial Microbiome In Esophageal Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers

2021

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The microbiome is an emerging key co-factor in the development of esophageal cancer, the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data delineating how the microbiome contributes to the pathobiology of the two histological subtypes of esophageal cancer: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This critical knowledge gap is partially due to inadequate modeling of host–microbiome interactions in the etiology of esophageal cancers. Recent advances have enabled progress in this field. Three dimensional (3D) organoids faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of the normal, preneoplastic, and neoplastic epithelia of the esophagus ex vivo and serve as a platform translatable for applications in precision medicine. Elsewhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the co-culture of 3D organoids with the bacterial microbiome has fostered insight into the pathogenic role of the microbiome in other GI cancers. Herein, we will summarize our current understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and esophageal cancer, discuss 3D organoid models of esophageal homeostasis, review analogous models of host–microbiome interactions in other GI cancers, and advocate for the application of these models to esophageal cancers. Together, we present a promising, novel approach with the potential to ameliorate the burden of esophageal cancer-related morbidity and mortality via improved prevention and therapeutic interventions.

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“…The oesophagus is home to a complex microbial community – the oesophageal microbiome – that potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of oesophageal cancer [ 3 ]. However, investigations using culture and molecular barcodes have, so far, provided only a limited, low-resolution view of taxonomic and functional diversity within this community [ 4 ]. This means that important biological roles remain undiscovered, with limited opportunities for hypothesis generation and testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Culturomics – combining high-throughput culture under a range of laboratory conditions with whole-genome sequencing – provides an attractive route to generation of high-quality bacterial genomes from complex microbial communities [ 6 ]. However, as many microbial species evade cultivation, a comprehensive microbial census of the oesophagus is likely to require additional culture-independent approaches, such as shotgun metagenomics [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An initial genomic blueprint of the healthy human oesophageal microbiome

Gilroy

Adam

Kumar

et al. 2023

Access Microbiology

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Background. The oesophageal microbiome is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of oesophageal cancer. However, investigations using culture and molecular barcodes have provided only a low-resolution view of this important microbial community. We therefore explored the potential of culturomics and metagenomic binning to generate a catalogue of reference genomes from the healthy human oesophageal microbiome, alongside a comparison set from saliva. Results. Twenty-two distinct colonial morphotypes from healthy oesophageal samples were genome-sequenced. These fell into twelve species clusters, eleven of which represented previously defined species. Two isolates belonged to a novel species, which we have named Rothia gullae. We performed metagenomic binning of reads generated from UK samples from this study alongside reads generated from Australian samples in a recent study. Metagenomic binning generated 136 medium or high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). MAGs were assigned to 56 species clusters, eight representing novel Candidatus species, which we have named Ca. Granulicatella gullae, Ca. Streptococcus gullae, Ca. Nanosynbacter quadramensis, Ca. Nanosynbacter gullae, Ca. Nanosynbacter colneyensis, Ca. Nanosynbacter norwichensis, Ca. Nanosynococcus oralis and Ca. Haemophilus gullae. Five of these novel species belong to the recently described phylum Patescibacteria . Although members of the Patescibacteria are known to inhabit the oral cavity, this is the first report of their presence in the oesophagus. Eighteen of the metagenomic species were, until recently, identified only by hard-to-remember alphanumeric placeholder designations. Here we illustrate the utility of a set of recently published arbitrary Latinate species names in providing user-friendly taxonomic labels for microbiome analyses. Our non-redundant species catalogue contained 63 species derived from cultured isolates or MAGs. Mapping revealed that these species account for around half of the sequences in the oesophageal and saliva metagenomes. Although no species was present in all oesophageal samples, 60 species occurred in at least one oesophageal metagenome from either study, with 50 identified in both cohorts. Conclusions. Recovery of genomes and discovery of new species represents an important step forward in our understanding of the oesophageal microbiome. The genes and genomes that we have released into the public domain will provide a base line for future comparative, mechanistic and intervention studies.

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The oesophageal microbiome and cancer: hope or hype?

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Unravelling the role of intratumoral bacteria in digestive system cancers: current insights and future perspectives

Unravelling the role of intratumoral bacteria in digestive system cancers: current insights and future perspectives

3D Organoids: An Untapped Platform for Studying Host–Microbiome Interactions in Esophageal Cancers

An initial genomic blueprint of the healthy human oesophageal microbiome

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