The odorant metabolizing enzyme UGT2A1: Immunolocalization and impact of the modulation of its activity on the olfactory response

Neiers, Fabrice; Jarriault, David; Ménétrier, Franck; Briand, Loı̈c; Heydel, Jean‐Marie

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249029

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“… 111 Recently, a third category of genes has been found to differ between ethnicities. 112 The odorant metabolizing enzyme UGT2A1 which is expressed primarily in sustentacular cells and olfactory cilia 113 was associated with COVID-related anosmia in a trans-ethnic analysis. 112 Such studies support the idea that host protein variants may contribute to the extent of anosmia and could explain, at least in part, ethnic differences in anosmia prevalence in COVID-19 (reviewed in Butowt et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

Bartheld

Hagen

Butowt

2021

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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The prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 varies greatly between populations. It is unclear whether such differences are due to factors at the level of the human host, or at the level of the coronavirus, or both. At the host level, the entry proteins which allow virus binding and entry have variants with distinct properties, and the frequency of such variants differs between ethnicities. At the level of the virus, the D614G mutation enhances virus entry to the host cell. Since the two virus strains (D614 and G614) coexisted in the first six months of the pandemic in most populations, it has been difficult to distinguish between contributions of the virus and contributions of the host for anosmia. To answer this question, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in South Asian populations when either the D614 or the G614 virus was dominant. We show that populations infected predominantly with the G614 virus had a much higher prevalence of anosmia (pooled prevalence of 31.8%) compared with the same ethnic populations infected mostly with the D614 virus strain (pooled anosmia prevalence of 5.3%). We conclude that the D614G mutation is a major contributing factor that increases the prevalence of anosmia in COVID-19, and that this enhanced effect on olfaction constitutes a previously unrecognized phenotype of the D614G mutation. The new virus strains that have additional mutations on the background of the D614G mutation can be expected to cause a similarly increased prevalence of chemosensory dysfunctions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

Bartheld

Hagen

Butowt

2021

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…111 Recently, a third category of genes has been found to differ between ethnicities. 112 The odorant metabolizing enzyme UGT2A1 which is expressed primarily in sustentacular cells and olfactory cilia 113 was associated with COVID-related anosmia in a trans-ethnic analysis. 112 Such studies support the idea that host protein variants may contribute to the extent of anosmia and could explain, at least in part, ethnic differences in anosmia prevalence in COVID-19 (reviewed in Butowt et al, 2020).…”

Section: Is There Also a Contribution Of Human Host Variantstrue Ethnic Differences?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The D614G virus mutation enhances anosmia in COVID-19 patients: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from South Asia

Bartheld

Hagen

Butowt

2021

Preprint

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The prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 varies greatly between populations. It is unclear whether such differences are due to factors at the level of the human host, or at the level of the coronavirus, or both. At the host level, the entry proteins which allow virus binding and entry have variants with distinct properties, and the frequency of such variants differs between ethnicities. At the level of the virus, the D614G mutation enhances virus entry to the host cell. Since the two virus strains (D614 and G614) co-existed in the first six months of the pandemic in most populations, it has been difficult to distinguish between contributions of the virus and contributions of the host for anosmia. To answer this question, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in South Asian populations when either the D614 or the G614 virus was dominant. We show that populations infected predominantly with the G614 virus had a much higher prevalence of anosmia (pooled prevalence of 31.8%) compared with the same ethnic populations infected mostly with the D614 virus strain (pooled anosmia prevalence of 5.3%). We conclude that the D614G mutation is a major contributing factor that increases the prevalence of anosmia in COVID-19, and that this enhanced effect on olfaction constitutes a previously unrecognized phenotype of the D614G mutation. The new virus strains that have additional mutations on the background of the D614G mutation can be expected to cause a similarly increased prevalence of chemosensory dysfunctions.

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“…Loss of olfactory function is closely linked to both mood and affective disorders in younger and older adults [12]. On average, olfactory function in humans changes not only in relation to age [3][4][5], but also in relation to sex [13][14][15][16], cultural differences in olfactory experience [17,18], genetic factors [19], infections [20], head trauma [12], and neurodegenerative diseases [21][22][23][24], or emotional disorders [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between olfactory function, age, sex, and cognitive reserve index in the Italian population

Masala

Cavazzana

Sanna

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Purpose Loss of smell decreases the quality of life and contributes to the failure in recognizing hazardous substances. Given the relevance of olfaction in daily life, it is important to recognize an undiagnosed olfactory dysfunction to prevent these possible complications. Up to now, the prevalence of smell disorders in Italy is unknown due to a lack of epidemiological studies. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in a sample of Italian adults. Methods Six hundred and thirty-three participants (347 woman and 286 men; mean age 44.9 years, SD 17.3, age range 18–86) were recruited from 10 distinct Italian regions. Participants were recruited using a convenience sapling and were divided into six different age groups: 18–29 years (N = 157), 30–39 years (N = 129), 40–49 years (N = 99), 50–59 years (N = 106), > 60 years (N = 142). Olfactory function, cognitive abilities, cognitive reserve, and depression were assessed, respectively, with: Sniffin’ Sticks 16-item Odor Identification Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Cognitive Reserve Index, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Additionally, socio-demographic data, medical history, and health-related lifestyle information were collected. Results About 27% of participants showed an odor identification score < 12 indicating hyposmia. Multiple regression analysis revealed that OI was significantly correlated with age, sex, and cognitive reserve index, and young women with high cognitive reserve index showing the highest olfactory scores. Conclusion This study provides data on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in different Italian regions.

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The odorant metabolizing enzyme UGT2A1: Immunolocalization and impact of the modulation of its activity on the olfactory response

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

The D614G Virus Mutation Enhances Anosmia in COVID-19 Patients: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies from South Asia

The D614G virus mutation enhances anosmia in COVID-19 patients: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from South Asia

Correlation between olfactory function, age, sex, and cognitive reserve index in the Italian population

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