The occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Malaysian urban domestic wastewater

Hanafiah, Zarimah Mohd; Mohtar, Wan Hanna Melini Wan; Manan, Teh Sabariah Binti Abd; Bachi, Nur Aina; Abdullah, Nor Azura; Hamid, Haris Hafizal Abd; Beddu, Salmia; Kamal, Nur Liyana Mohd; Ahmad, Amirrudin; Rasdi, Nadiah Wan

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132134

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The SPE protocol was based on a previous method described by Hanafiah et al (2022) . The SPE cartridges were Oasis HLB (6 cc, 200 mg; Waters, Milford, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) values were estimated using the lowest acute toxicity data from the literature (50% effective concentration, EC 50 ; or 50% lethal concentration, LC 50 ) for the first trophic level (algae, invertebrates, plants, and fish) and applying an assessment factor of 1,000 ( European Commission, 2003 ; Amiard & Amiard-Triquet, 2015 ; Hanafiah et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The urban water cycle is heavily infested with emerging contaminants such as pharmaceutical residues, particularly NSAIDs, because of the growing population of sick people who consume the drugs (painkillers, antifungals, antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics, lipid regulators, antibiotics, antidepressants, chemotherapy agents, antidiabetics, gastric pH regulators and contraceptive drugs) ( Hanafiah et al, 2022 ; Jacob et al, 2021 ). The Malaysia Statistics on Medicines (MSOM) has reported that the total medicine utilisation in Malaysia increased to 1.2% in 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination and risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in the urban water cycle in Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Hanafiah

Mohtar

Manan

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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The environmental fate of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the urban water cycle is still uncertain and their status is mainly assessed based on specific water components and information on human risk assessments. This study (a) explores the environmental fate of NSAIDs (ibuprofen, IBU; naproxen, NAP; ketoprofen, KET; diazepam, DIA; and diclofenac, DIC) in the urban water cycle, including wastewater, river, and treated water via gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GCMS), (b) assesses the efficiency of reducing the targeted NSAIDs in sewage treatment plant (STP) using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and (c) evaluates the ecological risk assessment of these drugs in the urban water cycle via teratogenic index (TI) and risk quotient (RQ). The primary receptor of contaminants comes from urban areas, as a high concentration of NSAIDs is detected (ranging from 5.87 × 103 to 7.18 × 104 ng/L). The percentage of NSAIDs removal in STP ranged from 25.6% to 92.3%. The NAP and KET were still detected at trace levels in treated water, indicating the persistent presence in the water cycle. The TI values for NAP and DIA (influent and effluent) were more than 1, showing a risk of a teratogenic effect. The IBU, KET, and DIC had values of less than 1, indicating the risk of lethal embryo effects. The NAP and DIA can be classified as Human Pregnancy Category C (2.1 > TI ≥ 0.76). This work proved that these drugs exist in the current urban water cycle, which could induce adverse effects on humans and the environment (RQ in high and low-risk categories). Therefore, they should be minimized, if not eliminated, from the primary sources of the pollutant (i.e., STPs). These pollutants should be considered a priority to be monitored, given focus to, and listed in the guideline due to their persistent presence in the urban water cycle.

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“…The SPE protocol was based on a previous method described by Hanafiah et al (2022) . The SPE cartridges were Oasis HLB (6 cc, 200 mg; Waters, Milford, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination and risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in the urban water cycle in Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Hanafiah

Mohtar

Manan

et al. 2023

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a group of medicines widely used in medical and veterinary practice that have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects and reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. These drugs are among the most frequently and widely detected in the environment ( Koumaki et al, 2017 ; Izadi et al, 2020 ; Mejía-García et al, 2020 ; Praveenkumarreddy et al, 2021 ; Rastogi et al, 2021 ; Mohd Hanafiah et al, 2022 ). According to aus der Beek et al (2016) , diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid are among the top 10 most common pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.…”

Section: Biodegradation Of Pharmaceutical Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus strains as a good biotool for neutralizing pharmaceutical pollutants and obtaining therapeutically valuable products: Through the past into the future

2022

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Active pharmaceutical ingredients present a substantial risk when they reach the environment and drinking water sources. As a new type of dangerous pollutants with high chemical resistance and pronounced biological effects, they accumulate everywhere, often in significant concentrations (μg/L) in ecological environments, food chains, organs of farm animals and humans, and cause an intense response from the aquatic and soil microbiota. Rhodococcus spp. (Actinomycetia class), which occupy a dominant position in polluted ecosystems, stand out among other microorganisms with the greatest variety of degradable pollutants and participate in natural attenuation, are considered as active agents with high transforming and degrading impacts on pharmaceutical compounds. Many representatives of rhodococci are promising as unique sources of specific transforming enzymes, quorum quenching tools, natural products and novel antimicrobials, biosurfactants and nanostructures. The review presents the latest knowledge and current trends regarding the use of Rhodococcus spp. in the processes of pharmaceutical pollutants’ biodegradation, as well as in the fields of biocatalysis and biotechnology for the production of targeted pharmaceutical products. The current literature sources presented in the review can be helpful in future research programs aimed at promoting Rhodococcus spp. as potential biodegraders and biotransformers to control pharmaceutical pollution in the environment.

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“…Many NSAID pharmaceuticals are released into aquatic environments continuously due to a significant percentage of unused pharmaceuticals and also due to unsuccessful wastewater treatment, which does not eliminate the amount of NSAIDs released in the aquatic environment. Actually, many sources, such as effluent from sewage treatment plants, industrial companies, domestic wastewater, and effluent from hospitals, are the main source of contamination in surface water [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. NSAIDs reach the wastewater through the sewer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review for Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Attained from Wastewater Observations Using Carbon-Based Anodic Oxidation Process

Mussa

Al-Qaim

Jawad

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (concentration <µg/L) are globally acknowledged as hazardous emerging pollutants that pass via various routes in the environment and ultimately enter aquatic food chains. In this context, the article reviews the occurrence, transport, fate, and electrochemical removal of some selected NSAIDs (diclofenac (DIC), ketoprofen (KTP), ibuprofen (IBU), and naproxen (NPX)) using carbon-based anodes in the aquatic environment. However, no specific protocol has been developed to date, and various approaches have been adopted for the sampling and elimination processes of NSAIDs from wastewater samples. The mean concentration of selected NSAIDs from different countries varies considerably, ranging between 3992–27,061 µg/L (influent wastewater) and 1208–7943 µg/L (effluent wastewater). An assessment of NSAIDs removal efficiency across different treatment stages in various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been performed. Overall, NSAIDs removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants has been reported to be around 4–89%, 8–100%, 16–100%, and 17–98% for DIC, KTP, NPX, and IBU, respectively. A microbiological reactor (MBR) has been proclaimed to be the most reliable treatment technique for NSAIDs removal (complete removal). Chlorination (81–95%) followed by conventional mechanical biological treatment (CMBT) (94–98%) treatment has been demonstrated to be the most efficient in removing NSAIDs. Further, the present review explains that the electrochemical oxidation process is an alternative process for the treatment of NSAIDs using a carbon-based anode. Different carbon-based carbon anodes have been searched for electrochemical removal of selected NSAIDs. However, boron-doped diamond and graphite have presented reliable applications for the complete removal of NSAIDs from wastewater samples or their aqueous solution.

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The occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Malaysian urban domestic wastewater

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Determination and risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in the urban water cycle in Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Determination and risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in the urban water cycle in Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Rhodococcus strains as a good biotool for neutralizing pharmaceutical pollutants and obtaining therapeutically valuable products: Through the past into the future

A Comprehensive Review for Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Attained from Wastewater Observations Using Carbon-Based Anodic Oxidation Process

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