The Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in the Urine of Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Cystitis

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of microorganisms, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and the presence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in the urine of clinically healthy dogs and dogs with cystitis. The urine was collected through cystocentesis. Subsequently, culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed. The isolates were classified based on their resistance profile, to evaluate the presence of MDR bacteria. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests. Bacterial isolates were present in 24.39% of the dogs in the control group, and 60.27% of the dogs in the cystitis group. The cystitis group was associated with a higher risk of bacterial isolates than the control group (odds ratio = 7.5; 95% confidence interval = 2.81–22.40). The main isolates were Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., and Enterobacter spp. in both groups. A high percentage of isolates were resistant to ampicillin in both groups. The lowest resistance presented by the isolates in both groups was to meropenem. Only the resistance to quinolones was different between the groups. The proportions of MDR isolates were 70% (7/10) and 65.91% (29/44) in the control and cystitis groups, respectively. The results showed the presence of MDR bacteria in the urine of both the healthy dogs, and the dogs with cystitis. The drug resistance was high, reinforcing the importance of establishing an effective treatment approach against urinary tract infections in pets, to minimize the spread of bacterial resistance and its impact on public health.

Use of Local Antibiogram Data and Antimicrobial Importance Ratings to Select Optimal Empirical Therapies for Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs and Cats

“…In Europe, resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate ranges from 2.9% (Sweden) to 32% (Spain) and MDR rates from 0.24% (Sweden) to 30% (Spain) [ 27 ]. High rates of resistance have also been detected in South African (98% MDR, 11% extensively drug-resistant, 2% pan-drug-resistant) [ 28 ] and Brazilian (66% MDR) [ 32 ] urinary tract E. coli from dogs. These differences highlight the need for the determination of local antibiograms to assist in the development and validation of local antimicrobial prescribing guidelines.…”

Characterization and Comparison of Enterococcus spp. Isolates from Feces of Healthy Dogs and Urine of Dogs with UTIs

“…Most UTIs are ascending infections caused by rectal, perineal and genital flora [15]. Although Escherichia coli is the main pathogen isolated from UTIs in dogs, about 25% of canine infections are caused by Gram-positive cocci [16] and recent investigations suggest that Enterococcus species are involved in a percentage of cases between 3 and 11% [17][18][19][20].…”

Assessment of the gradient diffusion method for fosfomycin susceptibility testing in Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. isolated from the urine of companion dogs in Thailand

“…Staphylococcus pseudintermedius has been frequently identified as the predominant uropathogen causing UTIs in dogs across many countries, including Thailand [ 9 , 24 , 25 ]. MRSP isolates display MDR to three or more different antibacterial classes [ 11 , 12 ].…”