The occurrence of melanosomes in the newt glomus cell.

Kusakabe, Tatsumi

doi:10.1679/aohc.54.81

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Some glomus cells in the middle phases of the larval development (stages XV, XX, XXI) showed ultrastructural similarity to those previously reported in some adult amphibians (Rogers, 1963;Ishii and Oosaki, 1969;Kobayashi, 1971;Poullet-Krieger, 1973;Ishii and Kusakabe, 1982;Kusakabe, 1990bKusakabe, , 1991aKusakabe, , 1992. The features observed in the maturation process of the glomus cell include cellular contacts with the smooth muscle cells (g-s connection), efferent synapses, and the appearance of exocytotic vesicles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Therefore, they often appear in the intervascular stroma of the carotid labyrinth. Recently, electron microscopic observation of the newt carotid labyrinth revealed the occurrence of glomus cells with clusters of melanosomes (MG cells), which has not been reported in the carotid labyrinth so far (Kusakabe, 1991a). Regarding the mechanism of melanosome transfer, Kusakabe (1991a) suggested that the melanosomes detached from the melanophores are taken into a glomus cell as a group by phagocytosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inside of the carotid labyrinth is a complicated maze of vasculature (Kobayashi and Murakami, 1975;Toews et al, 1982;Kusakabe, 1990a). In the intervascular stroma, there are glomus cells which are characterized by a large number of dense-cored vesicles in their cytoplasm (Rogers, 1963;Ishii and Oosaki, 1969;Kobayashi, 1971;Poullet-Krieger, 1973;Ishii and Kusakabe, 1982;Kusakabe, 1990bKusakabe, , 1991a. Arterial chemoreceptor, vascular regulatory, and endocrine functions have been proposed on the basis of the ultrastructural features of the glomus cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural characteristics of glomus cells in the external carotid artery during larval development and metamorphosis in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana

Kusakabe

1992

Anat. Rec.

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Electron microscopic observations of the external carotid artery in the larvae of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, showed that glomus cells are present in the subendothelial stroma of the septum between the expanded region of the external carotid artery and the carotid arch. There were some differences in the ultrastructure of the glomus cells at each stage of larval development. At the early stages (stages I, III, V, X), most glomus cells were isolated and free from the covering of a supporting cell. The cytoplasm of the glomus cells contained fewer dense-cored vesicles. No synaptic junctions were observed. At the middle stages (stages XV, XX, XXI), some glomus cells showed a tendency to form small clusters. Between adjacent cells in a cluster, gap junctions were often observed. The number of dense-cored vesicles increased remarkably. Intimate apposition of the glomus and smooth muscle cells (g-s connection) was also observed. Nerve terminals containing clear vesicles were observed in synaptic contact with glomus cells at this phase. At the metamorphic climax (stages XXII-XXV), in addition to g-s connections, the glomus cells made intimate apposition to the cells around the glomus cells. The afferent synapses described in other amphibians were not encountered in this study. These findings suggest that the glomus cells at the early stages of development are nonfunctional, the vascular regulation via the g-s connection starts at the middle stages, and the chemoreception starts after metamorphosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural characteristics of glomus cells in the external carotid artery during larval development and metamorphosis in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana

Kusakabe

1992

Anat. Rec.

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“…This may support the view that the melanosomes are not pro duced in the Merkel cell, but are phagocytosed by the Mer kel cell as described for the keratinocytes |Kurosumi et al., 1969], Merkel cells have been qualified as a representative of paraneurons [Fujita, 1977;Fujitaetah. 1988], It is of inter est to note that the glomus cells in the newt, which are also classified as paraneurons, sometimes contain melanosomes [Kusakabe. 1991], Kusakabe [1991] stated that the density of dense-cored granules in melanosomc-containing glomus cells is much higher than in melanosome-free glomus cells and suggested that glomus cells with melanosomes might represent an activated state of glomus cells in producing dense-cored granules as well as in phagocytosing activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1988], It is of inter est to note that the glomus cells in the newt, which are also classified as paraneurons, sometimes contain melanosomes [Kusakabe. 1991], Kusakabe [1991] stated that the density of dense-cored granules in melanosomc-containing glomus cells is much higher than in melanosome-free glomus cells and suggested that glomus cells with melanosomes might represent an activated state of glomus cells in producing dense-cored granules as well as in phagocytosing activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Melanosome-Containing Merkel Cells in Mammalian Oral Mucosa

Toyoshima¹,

Seta²,

Nakashima

et al. 1993

Cells Tissues Organs

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The occurrence and fine structure of Merkel cells with melanosomes in the labial epithelium of the dog and cat were studied by electron microscopy. These melanosomes were polarized in the Merkel cell cytoplasm opposite to the major aggregation of dense-cored granules and the closely abutting nerve terminal. None of melanosomes was found in the Golgi complex region where a few immature dense-cored granules were observed. This may suggest that the melanosomes are not produced in the Merkel cell, but are taken from the melanocytes like in keratinocytes. The possible phagocytotic ability of Merkel cells is discussed.

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Carotid labyrinth of amphibians

Kusakabe

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The amphibian carotid labyrinth is a characteristic maze-like vascular expansion at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries. The carotid labyrinths of anurans are spherical and those of urodeles are oblong. In the intervascular stroma of both anuran and urodelan carotid labyrinths, the glomus cells (type I cells, chief cells) are distributed singly or in clusters between connective tissue cells and smooth muscle cells. In fluorescence histochemistry, the glomus cells emit intense fluorescence for biogenic monoamines. In fine structure, the glomus cells are characterized by a number of dense-cored vesicles in their cytoplasm. The glomus cells have long, thin cytoplasmic processes, some of which are closely associated with smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes. Afferent, efferent, and reciprocal synapses are found on the glomus cells. The morphogenesis of the carotid labyrinth starts in the larvae at the point where the carotid arch descends to the internal gills. Through the early stages of larval development, the slightly expanded region of the external carotid artery becomes closely connected with the carotid arch. By the end of the foot stage, the expanded region becomes globular, and at the final stage of metamorphosis the carotid labyrinth is close to its adult form. In fine structure, the glomus cells appear as early as the initial stage of larval development. At the middle stages of development, the number of dense-cored vesicles increases remarkably. Distinct afferent synapses are found in juveniles, although efferent synapses can be seen during metamorphosis. The carotid labyrinth is innervated by nerve fibers containing several kinds of regulatory neuropeptides. Double-immunolabeling in combination with a multiple dye filter system demonstrates the coexistence of two different neuropeptides. The amphibian carotid labyrinth has been electrophysiologically confirmed to have arterial chemo- and baroreceptor functions analogous to those of the mammalian carotid body and carotid sinus. The ultrastructural characteristics of the glomus cells during and after metamorphosis suggest that the glomus cells contribute to the chemoreception after metamorphosis. The three-dimensional fine structure of vascular corrosion casts suggests that the amphibian carotid labyrinth has the appropriate architecture for controlling vascular tone and the findings throughout metamorphosis reveal that the vascular regulatory function begins at an early stage of metamorphosis. In addition, immunohistochemical studies suggest that the vascular regulation in the carotid labyrinth is under peptidergic innervation. Thus, the multiple functions of the carotid labyrinth underline the importance of this relatively small organ for maintenance of homeostasis and appropriate blood supply to the cephalic region.

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The occurrence of melanosomes in the newt glomus cell.

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Ultrastructural characteristics of glomus cells in the external carotid artery during larval development and metamorphosis in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana

Ultrastructural characteristics of glomus cells in the external carotid artery during larval development and metamorphosis in bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana

Occurrence of Melanosome-Containing Merkel Cells in Mammalian Oral Mucosa

Carotid labyrinth of amphibians

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