The occurrence of intersexuality in harpacticoid copepods and its relationship with pollution

Endocrine disruption in the shore crab Carcinus maenas—a biomarker for benthic marine invertebrates?

“…Mar Ecol Prog Ser 288: [221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232] 2005 land (Moore & Stevenson 1991, 1994, the occurrence of intersex in a population of lobsters exposed to sewage effluent (Sangalang & Jones 1997), masculinisation of freshwater copepod species in North American lakes (Sillett & Stemberger 1998) and the presence of dual-gender imposex in freshwater crabs inhabiting Japanese TBT-uncontaminated mountain streams (Takahashi et al 2000). Gross et al (2001) reported that high numbers of females displayed abnormal vitellogenic oocytes and a reduced male/female size differential in amphipods (Gammarus pulex) found below sewage treatment works known to contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals in their effluent.…”

“…Higher levels of the femalespecific protein, vitellogenin (vtg) were found in both haemolymph and gonad homogenates of the clam Mya arenaria and the mussel Elliptio complanata, and related to chemical contamination of the sites (Blaise et al 1999, Gagne et al 2002. Other examples of effects in invertebrates include abnormal levels of intersexuality in several species of marine harpacticoid copepods along sewage-contaminated coasts of Scot-land (Moore & Stevenson 1991, 1994, the occurrence of intersex in a population of lobsters exposed to sewage effluent (Sangalang & Jones 1997), masculinisation of freshwater copepod species in North American lakes (Sillett & Stemberger 1998) and the presence of dual-gender imposex in freshwater crabs inhabiting Japanese TBT-uncontaminated mountain streams (Takahashi et al 2000). Gross et al (2001) reported that high numbers of females displayed abnormal vitellogenic oocytes and a reduced male/female size differential in amphipods (Gammarus pulex) found below sewage treatment works known to contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals in their effluent.…”

An investigation into intersex amphipods and a possible association with aquaculture

“…High incidences of intersex and reproductive abnormalities have been reported for several crustacean groups associated with anthropogenic disturbance (Moore and Stevenson, 1991;Takahashi et al, 2000;Allen et al, 2002;EDIT, 2003;Ford et al, 2004aFord et al, , 2005. In this study, a higher percentage of intersex individuals was observed at Loch Sunart fish farm than at the site away from the fish farm , unpublished data).…”

Partitioning, bioavailability and effects of oestrogens and xeno-oestrogens in the aquatic environment

“…Intersex was identified in copepods Paramphiascella hyperborea and Leptoiaptomus minutus (Moore & Stevenson, 1991;Sillett & Stemberger, 1998) and in lobster Homarus americanus (Sangalang & Jones, 1997), but although this may be connected with sewage discharge, it is unclear whether pollutants or other factors (e.g. parasites, viruses, physical environmental factors) are responsible (Moore & Stevenson, 1991;Oberdörster & Cheek, 2000). Gross et al (2001) described differences in populations of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex collected from an unpolluted reference site and those living below sewage treatment works, wherein samples from the 'clean' site had a higher male/female ratio and greater male/female size differentiation.…”