The occurrence of inorganic elements in various biofuels and its effect on ash chemistry and behavior and use in combustion products

Fuel, Fire and Heat: an experimental approach to highlight the potential of studying ash and char remains from archaeological contexts

“…Many studies have focused on the difference in mineral content between different fuel types usually in relation to heat and power generation (e.g. Misra et al, 1993;Etiégni and Campbell, 1991;Liodakis et al, 2005;Steenari, 1995;Heikkinen et al, 1998;Theis et al, 2006;Steenari et al, 1999;Frederiksson, 1996;Ryssen and Ndlovu, 2004;Sweeten et al, 2003;Miller and Miller, 2007;Genin et al, 2007). The results indicate that wood ash is comprised mainly of calcium, magnesium and potassium.…”

Oxy-fuel combustion: The effect of coal rank and the role of char-CO2 reaction

“…To determine the extent of catalytic effect, samples were washed with ammonium acetate to remove organically-bound (mainly in carboxylic groups) ionexchangeable cations such as K, Ca and Na. The method was adopted from the work of Miller et al [36]. Twenty five grams of sample was weighed in a container.…”

Characterization of animal manure and cornstalk ashes as affected by incineration temperature

“…Some research exists on carbonization products from animal manure at different temperatures [14,15], but carbonization is different from incineration in terms of oxygen supply. Studies have been conducted concerning ashes from municipal solid waste [16,17], sludge [18,19], manures [20], meat and bone [21,22] and wood [23,24], although most of them focused on heavy metals [18,23,24], leachate [19,25] and ecotoxicology [22,26] of the ashes because ash may be used as construction materials [17,27] or in landfill [16]. Ash production and its properties may be affected by incineration temperature and animal manure properties; however, little information exists in the literature on the subject matter.…”